Late-Bronze Age Terramare: A Component of the Urnfield Cultural System
For the Terramara culture the evidence for burial rites falls in a late phase of the MBA and LBA, whereas there is none for the preceding period. The remains of the dead were placed in urns, generally covered with a bowl and placed in small shallow pits, without burnt earth. Sometimes the remains of more than one individual were placed in the urn, usually one adult and one young child. The presence of grave goods is relatively rare and limited to a few ornaments or clothing attachments (pins, fibulae, etcetera).
– Franco Nicolis; Northern Italy (2013)
Oxford Academic
For the Terramara culture the evidence for burial rites falls in a late phase of the MBA and LBA, whereas there is none for the preceding period. The remains of the dead were placed in urns, generally covered with a bowl and placed in small shallow pits, without burnt earth. Sometimes the remains of more than one individual were placed in the urn, usually one adult and one young child. The presence of grave goods is relatively rare and limited to a few ornaments or clothing attachments (pins, fibulae, etcetera).
– Franco Nicolis; Northern Italy (2013)
Oxford Academic
Αρυολογία☀️ (The Indo-Europeans)
Late-Bronze Age Terramare: A Component of the Urnfield Cultural System For the Terramara culture the evidence for burial rites falls in a late phase of the MBA and LBA, whereas there is none for the preceding period. The remains of the dead were placed in…
Lithuanian archæologist Marija Gimbutas associated the central European Urnfield system with '...many proto-populations: proto-Celts, proto-Italics, proto-Veneti, proto-Illyrians and proto-Phrygians (as well as proto-Thracians and proto-Dorians)'.
The Urnfield Culture: Established Indo-Europeans
The Urnfield Culture (1300 - 750 BCE) was arguably the final stage of a late-Proto-Indo-European culture before divergence into its various daughter ethnicities across Europe. It is associated with pastoralism, a warrior aristocracy, and the practise of cremation.
The Urnfield Culture (1300 - 750 BCE) was arguably the final stage of a late-Proto-Indo-European culture before divergence into its various daughter ethnicities across Europe. It is associated with pastoralism, a warrior aristocracy, and the practise of cremation.
Αρυολογία☀️ (The Indo-Europeans)
The Urnfield Culture: Established Indo-Europeans The Urnfield Culture (1300 - 750 BCE) was arguably the final stage of a late-Proto-Indo-European culture before divergence into its various daughter ethnicities across Europe. It is associated with pastoralism…
The Proto-Italics/Early Romans brought cremation to the Italian peninsula: https://www.tgoop.com/Aryologia/1894
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Αρυολογία☀️ (The Indo-Europeans)
However, this book links the introduction of cremation with the Proto-Italic Villanovan Culture:
During this period the practice of cremation spread south of the Po Valley and is attested at numerous sites throughout the peninsula. Since this cultural tradition…
During this period the practice of cremation spread south of the Po Valley and is attested at numerous sites throughout the peninsula. Since this cultural tradition…
Forwarded from TheBeakerLady
The Eastern Corded Ware also expanded back into Europe where they replaced the Yamnaya derived Catacomb culture. The Srubnaya were probably Proto-Iranian or early Iranian speakers who were based in Ukraine and western Russia from 1850–1450 BC. Descended from the Eastern Corded Ware they replaced the Yamnaya decedent cultures of the Pontic steppe. I based his face on a real Srubnaya skull and took clothing inspiration from Srubnaya pottery designs and Scythian clothing. Hair and eye color is an educated guess since I do not know the phenotype data of the individual but selection for lighter hair and eyes was increasing in Eastern Corded Ware groups especially in the Sintashta and Andronovo cultures. There is a bearded and non bearded version so you can see his face shape. The map is by Krakkos with modifications by myself. Original map: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srubnaya_culture#/media/File%3ASrubnaya_culture.jpg
Forwarded from Collis Patatinus ♱
The Romans carried out their household rites in the lararium, a little sacred space within the house dedicated to the protector deities of the hearth and the family.
Lares, Penates and Genii were worshipped in the lararium; the rites were generally performed by the head of the household (pater familias) for the benefit of the family nucleus, the property and activities in general.
(Image: Lararium dated to the first century in the House of the Vettii, Pompeii)
@collispalatinus
Lares, Penates and Genii were worshipped in the lararium; the rites were generally performed by the head of the household (pater familias) for the benefit of the family nucleus, the property and activities in general.
(Image: Lararium dated to the first century in the House of the Vettii, Pompeii)
@collispalatinus
Forwarded from Αρυολογία☀️ (The Indo-Europeans)
Emperor Augustus: Son of Apollo | Atia [Augustus’ mother], with certain married women friends, once attended a solemn midnight service at the temple of Apollo, where she had her litter set down and presently fell asleep, as the others also did. Suddenly a serpent crept in to her and after a while glided away again. On awakening, she purified herself as if after sleeping with her husband. An irremovable coloured mark in the shape of a serpent, which then appeared on her body, made her ashamed to visit public baths any more, and the fact that Augustus was born nine months later suggested he was the son of Apollo. Before she gave birth … Augustus’ father [ie, Atia’s husband] Octavius dreamed that the sun rose from her womb.
Suetonius, Divus Augustus (121 CE)
Suetonius, Divus Augustus (121 CE)
Forwarded from Αρυολογία☀️ (The Indo-Europeans)
Caesar Augustus (b. Gaius Octavius), Roman Emperor for 41 years.
Genteel, Gentile, Gentilis
These words all ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (birth, production). During the early period of Christianity, the Latin gentilis and gentes were used by biblical scholars to translate the Greek ἔθνος (ethnos; "nation, a people") and the Biblical Hebrew גּוֹי (goy; "a non-Israelite nation").
It was used by Christians to refer to non-Christians before the split from Judaism.
These words all ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (birth, production). During the early period of Christianity, the Latin gentilis and gentes were used by biblical scholars to translate the Greek ἔθνος (ethnos; "nation, a people") and the Biblical Hebrew גּוֹי (goy; "a non-Israelite nation").
It was used by Christians to refer to non-Christians before the split from Judaism.
In modern parlance, gentile is almost exclusively understood to refer to non-Jews.
Forwarded from Survive the Jive: All-feed
This bronze figurine fitting was found in 1865 at Frøyhov in Norway, a place name indicating a cult of Freyr. The object dates to 160-190 AD and has an elder Futhark runic inscription which is one of the oldest ever found. It may have been fitted to a sword.
It is sometimes translated as a name, 'Inga(n)da', which features the other name of the god Freyr "Ing". Germanic *ing seems best to be etymologised as a reflex of PIE *h2neḱ-/h2nenḱ- ‘reach, attain’ and the Frøyhov form may either be a maker’s inscription or a theonym, and the figurine itself is likely to be an image of InguiFreyr
It is sometimes translated as a name, 'Inga(n)da', which features the other name of the god Freyr "Ing". Germanic *ing seems best to be etymologised as a reflex of PIE *h2neḱ-/h2nenḱ- ‘reach, attain’ and the Frøyhov form may either be a maker’s inscription or a theonym, and the figurine itself is likely to be an image of InguiFreyr