🔹working hypothesis, a

فرضیهٔ کارایند/مقدماتی:

فرضیه‌ای که مبنای تحقیقات قرار می‌گیرد

🔸A 'working hypothesis' is little more than common-sense procedure used by all of us everyday. Encountering certain facts, certain alternative explanations come to mind and we proceed to test them.

–James Conant

🔹working definition/theory/title etc.

... مقدماتی

a definition, idea etc. that may not be exactly right but is good enough to use when you start working on something

🔸 Negative case analysis تحلیل موارد ناقض:

The process of revising working hypotheses in the light of hindsight, with an eye toward developing and revising a given hypothesis (or set of them) until it accounts for all known cases.

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