[Modal Adverbs]


Modal adverbs are the answer to the questions “How/How much?”

Example:

Als wir ankamen, standen unsere Freunde ganz vorn an der Bühne.

Man verstand kaum ein Wort.

Die Besucher des Konzerts waren größtenteils junge Mädchen, die bereits beim ersten Song reihenweise umfielen.

Some important modal adverbs are , for example :

[Causal Adverbs]



Causal adverbs are the answer to the questions “How so/For what reason/Why/Under what condition?”

Example:

Unsere Freunde warteten deshalb nicht auf uns.

Darum blieben Rolf und ich hinten stehen.

Somit lichteten sich die Reihen.

Some important causal adverbs are, for example:

[Relative Adverbs]

We use relative adverbs in relative clauses. Relative adverbs usually refer to part of a sentence.

Example:

Unsere Freunde warteten deshalb nicht da auf uns, wo wir uns verabredet hatten.

Man verstand kaum ein Wort, worüber ich mich ärgerte.

Some relative adverbs are, for example:

[Conjunctional Adverbs]



We can use some adverbs to tie clauses together. Because these adverbs serve as conjunctions, they are called conjunctional adverbs. The clause that begins with a conjunctional adverb has the following form:

conjunctional adverb + finite verb + subject + rest of the clause

Example:
Dort drängten sich die Fans, darum blieben Rolf und ich hinten stehen.

Some conjunctional adverbs are, for example:

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exercises for todayy 😄

Easily Confused Words

[Introduction]


Due to their similarity some German words are easily confused. In this category, we help to make the difference between specific words easier to understand.

(derselbe/der gleiche)

When do we use derselbe and when do we use der gleiche, in German? This questions doesn’t just puzzle German learners but native speakers too.

Example:
Wenn zwei das Gleiche sagen, ist es noch lange nicht dasselbe.

(das/dass)

Das and dass may sound the same but they are not interchangeable. We must be careful not to confuse them when writing.

Example:

Ich weiß, dass du das kannst.

(wann/wenn/als)

In German the words wann, wenn and als all mean when. This can be confusing, but we explain it all.

Example:

Ich bekomme immer Herzklopfen, wenn ich sie sehe.
Und als sie mich angesprochen hat, wurde ich rot.

Ich weiß nicht mehr, wann ich das letzte Mal so verliebt war.

3.5 - Looking out for patterns

These changes apply only to a limited number of verbs. It is best to learn these verbs by heart. There are also certain patterns which can help you predict how a verb changes. The changes are ;

a -> ä
e -> i
e -> ie

3.5.1 - Changes from a to ä

Important verb (apart from schlafen) which follow this pattern are;

Examples

1. Du fährst morgen nach Hause.
(You're going home tomorrow.)

2. Gleich fällt es runter!
[Any moment now it will fall (down!)]

3. Er trägt ein neues T-shirt.
(He wears a new T-shirt)

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3.5.2 - Changes from e to i

You have seen that sprechen and essen are two prominent verbs which change their vowel from e to i. Other verbs which follow this pattern are;