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Source: Perfect English Grammar!
English Tenses
English Verb Tenses
How to make and use the tense:
1. Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect Simple
4. Present Perfect Continuous
5. Past Simple Form
6. Past Continuous Form
7. Past Perfect Simple Form
8. Past Perfect Continuous Form
9. Future Simple Form
10. Future Continuous Form
11. Future Perfect Simple Form
12. Future Perfect Continuous Form
Source: Perfect English Grammar!
English Tenses
English Verb Tenses
How to make and use the tense:
1. Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect Simple
4. Present Perfect Continuous
5. Past Simple Form
6. Past Continuous Form
7. Past Perfect Simple Form
8. Past Perfect Continuous Form
9. Future Simple Form
10. Future Continuous Form
11. Future Perfect Simple Form
12. Future Perfect Continuous Form
==========Lesson 01========
The Present Simple Tense
(also called the simple present tense)
We need to use the Present Simple a lot in English, so it's really important to understand it well. Many students have problems with the form (or how to make it).
Simple present tense with 'be'
The verb 'be' is different from the other verbs in this tense. Let's look at 'be' first:
Here's the positive form (positive means a normal sentence, not a negative or a question. This is sometimes called 'affirmative')
Positive - Positive Short Form
I am (I'm)
you are (you're)
he is (he's)
she is (she's)
it is (it's)
we are (we're)
they are (they're)
Next, here's the negative. It's very easy. You only add 'not'.
Negative Negative short form
I am not (I'm not)
you are not (you aren't)
he is not (he isn't)
she is not (she isn't)
it is not (it isn't)
we are not (we aren't)
they are not (they aren't)
And finally let's talk about the question form of the present simple with 'be'.
Firstly, here's the 'yes/no' question form:
Yes/No Questions
am I ?
are you ?
is he ?
is she ?
is it ?
are we ?
are they ?
If you'd like to make a 'wh' question, you just put the question word at the front:
Wh Questions
where am I ?
what are you ?
why is he ?
who is she ?
when are we ?
how are they ?
Present simple tense with other verbs
With all other verbs, we make the present simple in the same way.
The positive is really easy. It's just the verb with an extra 's' if the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it'. Let's take the verb 'play' as an example:
Positive (of 'play')
I play
you play
he plays
she plays
it plays
we play
they play
Don't forget the 's'! Even really advanced students do this!
For a few verbs, there is a spelling change before the 's'. For example, 'study' becomes 'studies'.
There are also few verbs which are irregular in the present simple:
'have' becomes 'has'
'do' becomes 'does'
'go' becomes 'goes'
To make the negative form, you need to use 'do not' (don't) or ' does not' (doesn't).
Negative (of 'play')
I do not play
I don't play
you do not play
you don't play
he does not play
he doesn't play
she does not play
she doesn't play
it does not play
it doesn't play
we do not play
we don't play
they do not play
they don't play.
How about the question form of the present simple tense?
We use 'do' or 'does' before the subject to make the 'yes/no' question:
Yes / No questions
do I play ?
do you play ?
does he play ?
does she play ?
does it play ?
do we play ?
do they play ?
Just like with 'be', if you'd like to make a 'wh' question, you just put the question word at the front:
Wh Questions
where do I play ?
what do you play ?
why does he play ?
who does she play ?
when do we play ?
how do they play ?
Next, I explain how to USE the Present Simple.
#1_simplepresenttense
https://www.tgoop.com/learn_tenses
The Present Simple Tense
(also called the simple present tense)
We need to use the Present Simple a lot in English, so it's really important to understand it well. Many students have problems with the form (or how to make it).
Simple present tense with 'be'
The verb 'be' is different from the other verbs in this tense. Let's look at 'be' first:
Here's the positive form (positive means a normal sentence, not a negative or a question. This is sometimes called 'affirmative')
Positive - Positive Short Form
I am (I'm)
you are (you're)
he is (he's)
she is (she's)
it is (it's)
we are (we're)
they are (they're)
Next, here's the negative. It's very easy. You only add 'not'.
Negative Negative short form
I am not (I'm not)
you are not (you aren't)
he is not (he isn't)
she is not (she isn't)
it is not (it isn't)
we are not (we aren't)
they are not (they aren't)
And finally let's talk about the question form of the present simple with 'be'.
Firstly, here's the 'yes/no' question form:
Yes/No Questions
am I ?
are you ?
is he ?
is she ?
is it ?
are we ?
are they ?
If you'd like to make a 'wh' question, you just put the question word at the front:
Wh Questions
where am I ?
what are you ?
why is he ?
who is she ?
when are we ?
how are they ?
Present simple tense with other verbs
With all other verbs, we make the present simple in the same way.
The positive is really easy. It's just the verb with an extra 's' if the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it'. Let's take the verb 'play' as an example:
Positive (of 'play')
I play
you play
he plays
she plays
it plays
we play
they play
Don't forget the 's'! Even really advanced students do this!
For a few verbs, there is a spelling change before the 's'. For example, 'study' becomes 'studies'.
There are also few verbs which are irregular in the present simple:
'have' becomes 'has'
'do' becomes 'does'
'go' becomes 'goes'
To make the negative form, you need to use 'do not' (don't) or ' does not' (doesn't).
Negative (of 'play')
I do not play
I don't play
you do not play
you don't play
he does not play
he doesn't play
she does not play
she doesn't play
it does not play
it doesn't play
we do not play
we don't play
they do not play
they don't play.
How about the question form of the present simple tense?
We use 'do' or 'does' before the subject to make the 'yes/no' question:
Yes / No questions
do I play ?
do you play ?
does he play ?
does she play ?
does it play ?
do we play ?
do they play ?
Just like with 'be', if you'd like to make a 'wh' question, you just put the question word at the front:
Wh Questions
where do I play ?
what do you play ?
why does he play ?
who does she play ?
when do we play ?
how do they play ?
Next, I explain how to USE the Present Simple.
#1_simplepresenttense
https://www.tgoop.com/learn_tenses
When Should I Use The Present Simple Tense?
Present Uses
1: We use the present simple when something is generally or always true.
People need food.
It snows in winter here.
Two and two make four.
2: Similarly, we need to use this tense for a situation that we think is more or less permanent.
Where do you live?
She works in a bank.
I don't like mushrooms.
3: The next use is for habits or things that we do regularly. We often use adverbs of frequency (such as 'often', 'always' and 'sometimes') in this case, as well as expressions like 'every Sunday' or 'twice a month'.
I play tennis every Tuesday.
I don't travel very often.
4: We can also use the present simple for short actions that are happening now. The actions are so short that they are finished almost as soon as you've said the sentence. This is often used with sports commentary.
He takes the ball, he runs down the wing, and he scores!
Future Uses
5: We use the present simple to talk about the future when we are discussing a timetable or a fixed plan. Usually, the timetable is fixed by an organisation, not by us. School begins at nine tomorrow.
What time does the film start?The plane doesn't arrive at seven.
It arrives at seven thirty.
6: We also use the present simple to talk about the future after words like ' 'when', 'until', 'after', 'before' and 'as soon as'. These are sometimes called subordinate clauses of time.
I will call you when I have time. (Not 'will have'.)
I won't go out until it stops raining.
I'm going to make dinner after I watch the news.
Conditional Uses
7: We use the present simple in the first and the zero conditionals.
If it rains, we won't come.
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
#1_simplepresenttense
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Present Uses
1: We use the present simple when something is generally or always true.
People need food.
It snows in winter here.
Two and two make four.
2: Similarly, we need to use this tense for a situation that we think is more or less permanent.
Where do you live?
She works in a bank.
I don't like mushrooms.
3: The next use is for habits or things that we do regularly. We often use adverbs of frequency (such as 'often', 'always' and 'sometimes') in this case, as well as expressions like 'every Sunday' or 'twice a month'.
I play tennis every Tuesday.
I don't travel very often.
4: We can also use the present simple for short actions that are happening now. The actions are so short that they are finished almost as soon as you've said the sentence. This is often used with sports commentary.
He takes the ball, he runs down the wing, and he scores!
Future Uses
5: We use the present simple to talk about the future when we are discussing a timetable or a fixed plan. Usually, the timetable is fixed by an organisation, not by us. School begins at nine tomorrow.
What time does the film start?The plane doesn't arrive at seven.
It arrives at seven thirty.
6: We also use the present simple to talk about the future after words like ' 'when', 'until', 'after', 'before' and 'as soon as'. These are sometimes called subordinate clauses of time.
I will call you when I have time. (Not 'will have'.)
I won't go out until it stops raining.
I'm going to make dinner after I watch the news.
Conditional Uses
7: We use the present simple in the first and the zero conditionals.
If it rains, we won't come.
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
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==========Lesson 02========
Present Continuous Tense
(also called the Present Progressive Tense)
The present continuous (sometimes called the present progressive) tense in English is really easy to make and is the same for all verbs. We make it using the present simple of 'be' + verb-ing:
Here is how we make the positive:
Positive (Positive Short Form)
I am sleeping (I'm sleeping)
you are sleeping (you're sleeping)
he is sleeping (he's sleeping)
she is sleeping (she's sleeping)
it is sleeping (it's sleeping)
we are sleeping (we're sleeping)
they are sleeping (they're sleeping)
We can make the negative by adding 'not':
Negative (Negative Short Form)
I am not sleeping (I'm not sleeping)
you are not playing (you aren't playing)
he is not reading (he isn't reading)
she is not working (she isn't working)
it is not raining (it isn't raining)
we are not cooking (we aren't cooking)
they are not listening (they aren't listening)
Questions are also really, really easy. Just like we made the question with 'be' in the present simple, here we also put 'am', 'is', or 'are' before the subject to make a 'yes / no' question:
Yes / No Questions
am I eating chocolate ?
are you studying now ?
is he working ?
is she doing her homework ?
is it raining ?
are we meeting at six ?
are they coming ?
For 'wh' questions, just put the question word at the front:
Wh Questions
Why am I eating chocolate ?
What are you studying now ?
When is he working ?
What is she doing ?
Why is it raining ?
Who are we meeting ?
How are they travelling ?
#2_presentcontinuoustense
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Present Continuous Tense
(also called the Present Progressive Tense)
The present continuous (sometimes called the present progressive) tense in English is really easy to make and is the same for all verbs. We make it using the present simple of 'be' + verb-ing:
Here is how we make the positive:
Positive (Positive Short Form)
I am sleeping (I'm sleeping)
you are sleeping (you're sleeping)
he is sleeping (he's sleeping)
she is sleeping (she's sleeping)
it is sleeping (it's sleeping)
we are sleeping (we're sleeping)
they are sleeping (they're sleeping)
We can make the negative by adding 'not':
Negative (Negative Short Form)
I am not sleeping (I'm not sleeping)
you are not playing (you aren't playing)
he is not reading (he isn't reading)
she is not working (she isn't working)
it is not raining (it isn't raining)
we are not cooking (we aren't cooking)
they are not listening (they aren't listening)
Questions are also really, really easy. Just like we made the question with 'be' in the present simple, here we also put 'am', 'is', or 'are' before the subject to make a 'yes / no' question:
Yes / No Questions
am I eating chocolate ?
are you studying now ?
is he working ?
is she doing her homework ?
is it raining ?
are we meeting at six ?
are they coming ?
For 'wh' questions, just put the question word at the front:
Wh Questions
Why am I eating chocolate ?
What are you studying now ?
When is he working ?
What is she doing ?
Why is it raining ?
Who are we meeting ?
How are they travelling ?
#2_presentcontinuoustense
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When Should I Use The
Present Continuous Tense?
👉Present Uses
1: First, we use the present continuous for things that are happening at the moment of speaking. These things usually last for quite a short time and they are not finished when we are talking about them.
I'm working at the moment.
Please call back as we are eating dinner now.
Julie is sleeping.
2: We can also use this tense for other kinds of temporary situations, even if the action isn't happening at this moment.
John's working in a bar until he finds a job in his field. (He might not be working now.)
I'm reading a really great book.
She's staying with her friend for a week.
Compare this with the present simple, which is used for permanent situations that we feel will continue for a long time.
I work in a school. (I think this is a permanent situation.)
I'm working in a school. (I think this is a temporary situation.)
3: We can use the present continuous for temporary or new habits (for normal habits that continue for a long time, we use the present simple). We often use this with expressions like 'these days' or 'at the moment'.
He's eating a lot these days.
She's swimming every morning (she didn't use to do this).
You're smoking too much.
4: Another present continuous use is for habits that are not regular, but that happen very often. In this case we usually use an adverb like 'always', 'forever' or 'constantly'. Often, we use the present continuous in this way to talk about an annoying habit. You're forever losing your keys!
She's constantly missing the train.
Lucy's always smiling!
👉Future Uses
5: The next use is for definite future arrangements (with a future time word). In this case we have already made a plan and we are pretty sure that the event will happen in the future. I'm meeting my father tomorrow.
We're going to the beach at the weekend.I'm leaving at three.
We can't use this tense (or any other continuous tense) with stative verbs.
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Present Continuous Tense?
👉Present Uses
1: First, we use the present continuous for things that are happening at the moment of speaking. These things usually last for quite a short time and they are not finished when we are talking about them.
I'm working at the moment.
Please call back as we are eating dinner now.
Julie is sleeping.
2: We can also use this tense for other kinds of temporary situations, even if the action isn't happening at this moment.
John's working in a bar until he finds a job in his field. (He might not be working now.)
I'm reading a really great book.
She's staying with her friend for a week.
Compare this with the present simple, which is used for permanent situations that we feel will continue for a long time.
I work in a school. (I think this is a permanent situation.)
I'm working in a school. (I think this is a temporary situation.)
3: We can use the present continuous for temporary or new habits (for normal habits that continue for a long time, we use the present simple). We often use this with expressions like 'these days' or 'at the moment'.
He's eating a lot these days.
She's swimming every morning (she didn't use to do this).
You're smoking too much.
4: Another present continuous use is for habits that are not regular, but that happen very often. In this case we usually use an adverb like 'always', 'forever' or 'constantly'. Often, we use the present continuous in this way to talk about an annoying habit. You're forever losing your keys!
She's constantly missing the train.
Lucy's always smiling!
👉Future Uses
5: The next use is for definite future arrangements (with a future time word). In this case we have already made a plan and we are pretty sure that the event will happen in the future. I'm meeting my father tomorrow.
We're going to the beach at the weekend.I'm leaving at three.
We can't use this tense (or any other continuous tense) with stative verbs.
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English Tenses pinned «Admin Room 🖌 Source: Perfect English Grammar! English Tenses English Verb Tenses How to make and use the tense: 1. Present Simple 2. Present Continuous 3. Present Perfect Simple 4. Present Perfect Continuous 5. Past Simple Form 6. Past Continuous…»
3. The Present Perfect Simple Tense
How to form the present perfect
To make the positive present perfect tense, use: 'have' / 'has' + the past participle
Make the past participle by adding 'ed' to regular verbs (for example, 'play' becomes 'played')
There are a few verbs that change their spelling when you add 'ed' (for example, 'study' becomes 'studied')
We also have some completely irregular verbs
Positive
Positive Short Form
I have played
I've played
you have worked
you've worked
he has written
he's written
she has walked
she's walked
it has rained
it's rained
we have travelled
we've travelled
they have studied
they've studied
The negative is really simple too. Just put 'not' after 'have' or 'has':
Negative
Negative Short Form
I have not eaten breakfast today
I haven't eaten
you have not been to Asia
you haven't been
he has not seen the new film
he hasn't seen
she has not played tennis
she hasn't played
it has not snowed this winter
it hasn't snowed
we have not slept all night
we haven't slept
they have not tried the food
they haven't tried
To make a question, put 'have' or 'has' in front of the subject:
'Yes / No' Questions
have I missed the bus?
have you visited London?
has he worked as a waiter before?
has she met John?
has it been cold this week?
have we arrived too early?have they studied English grammar before?
As you can imagine, for 'wh' questions, we just put the question word before 'have' or 'has':
'Wh' Questions
where have I left my umbrella?
what have you done today?
why has he gone already?
where has she been in the UK?
why has it rained so much this summer?
what have we done?
where have they learned English before?
How to form the present perfect
To make the positive present perfect tense, use: 'have' / 'has' + the past participle
Make the past participle by adding 'ed' to regular verbs (for example, 'play' becomes 'played')
There are a few verbs that change their spelling when you add 'ed' (for example, 'study' becomes 'studied')
We also have some completely irregular verbs
Positive
Positive Short Form
I have played
I've played
you have worked
you've worked
he has written
he's written
she has walked
she's walked
it has rained
it's rained
we have travelled
we've travelled
they have studied
they've studied
The negative is really simple too. Just put 'not' after 'have' or 'has':
Negative
Negative Short Form
I have not eaten breakfast today
I haven't eaten
you have not been to Asia
you haven't been
he has not seen the new film
he hasn't seen
she has not played tennis
she hasn't played
it has not snowed this winter
it hasn't snowed
we have not slept all night
we haven't slept
they have not tried the food
they haven't tried
To make a question, put 'have' or 'has' in front of the subject:
'Yes / No' Questions
have I missed the bus?
have you visited London?
has he worked as a waiter before?
has she met John?
has it been cold this week?
have we arrived too early?have they studied English grammar before?
As you can imagine, for 'wh' questions, we just put the question word before 'have' or 'has':
'Wh' Questions
where have I left my umbrella?
what have you done today?
why has he gone already?
where has she been in the UK?
why has it rained so much this summer?
what have we done?
where have they learned English before?
When should I use the Present Perfect Simple Tense
We use this tense for unfinished and finished actions.
Unfinished Actions
1: We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to say 'how long' and we need 'since' or 'for'.
We often use stative verbs. I've known Karen since 1994.
She's lived in London for three years.
I've worked here for six months.
'Since' and 'For'
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year).
The fixed time can be another action, which is in the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived).
I've known Sam since 1992.
I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
She's been here since 2pm.
We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).
I've known Julie for ten years.
I've been hungry for hours.
She's had a cold for a week.
Finished Actions
2: Life experience.
These are actions or events that happened sometime during a person's life. We don't say when the experience happened, and the person needs to be alive now. We often use the words 'ever' and 'never' here.
I have been to Tokyo.
They have visited Paris three times.
We have never seen that film.
3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today).
The period of time is still continuing.
I haven't seen her this month.
She's drunk three cups of coffee today.
I've already moved house twice this year!
We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word.
NOT:I've seen him yesterday.
4: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result).
We often use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the recent past, but that is still true or important now. Sometimes we can use the past simple here, especially in US English.
I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).
They've missed the bus (so they will be late).
5: We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we want to introduce news and we often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently'. However, the past simple is also correct in these cases, especially in US English.
The Queen has given a speech.
I've just seen Lucy.
The Mayor has announced a new plan for the railways.
Been and Gone
In this tense, we use both 'been' and 'gone' as the past participle of 'go', but in slightly different circumstances. We use 'been' (often when we talk about life experience) to mean that the person we're talking about visited the place and came back.
I've been to Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live).
She has been to school today (but now she's back at home).
They have never been to California.
We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the present) to mean that the person went to the place and is at the place now.
Where's John? He's gone to the shops (he's at the shops now).
Julie has gone to Mexico (now she's in Mexico).
They've gone to Japan for three weeks (now they're in Japan).
We use this tense for unfinished and finished actions.
Unfinished Actions
1: We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to say 'how long' and we need 'since' or 'for'.
We often use stative verbs. I've known Karen since 1994.
She's lived in London for three years.
I've worked here for six months.
'Since' and 'For'
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year).
The fixed time can be another action, which is in the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived).
I've known Sam since 1992.
I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
She's been here since 2pm.
We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).
I've known Julie for ten years.
I've been hungry for hours.
She's had a cold for a week.
Finished Actions
2: Life experience.
These are actions or events that happened sometime during a person's life. We don't say when the experience happened, and the person needs to be alive now. We often use the words 'ever' and 'never' here.
I have been to Tokyo.
They have visited Paris three times.
We have never seen that film.
3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today).
The period of time is still continuing.
I haven't seen her this month.
She's drunk three cups of coffee today.
I've already moved house twice this year!
We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word.
NOT:I've seen him yesterday.
4: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result).
We often use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the recent past, but that is still true or important now. Sometimes we can use the past simple here, especially in US English.
I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).
They've missed the bus (so they will be late).
5: We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we want to introduce news and we often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently'. However, the past simple is also correct in these cases, especially in US English.
The Queen has given a speech.
I've just seen Lucy.
The Mayor has announced a new plan for the railways.
Been and Gone
In this tense, we use both 'been' and 'gone' as the past participle of 'go', but in slightly different circumstances. We use 'been' (often when we talk about life experience) to mean that the person we're talking about visited the place and came back.
I've been to Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live).
She has been to school today (but now she's back at home).
They have never been to California.
We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the present) to mean that the person went to the place and is at the place now.
Where's John? He's gone to the shops (he's at the shops now).
Julie has gone to Mexico (now she's in Mexico).
They've gone to Japan for three weeks (now they're in Japan).
4. The present perfect continuous tense (also called the present perfect progressive)
How to make the tense
How good are you at the Present Perfect Continuous tense? It's not a very common tense, and often it's not taught in classes, but we do use it
sometimes and it's very good to know how to make it, and to recognise it when other people use it.
Luckily, it's very easy to make.
Here's the positive (it's the present perfect of 'be' + verb -ing):
Positive
I have been walking
you have been running
he has been cooking
she has been swimming
it has been raining
we have been studying
they have been sleeping
Positive Short Form
I've been walking
you've been running
he's been cooking
she's been swimming
it's been raining
we've been studying
they've been sleeping
To make the negative, just add 'not':
Negative
I have not been walking
you have not been running
he has not been cooking
she has not been swimming
it has not been raining
we have not been studying
they have not been sleeping
Negative Short Form
I haven't been walking
you haven't been running
he hasn't been cooking
she hasn't been swimming
it hasn't been raining
we haven't been studying
they haven't been sleeping
Can you guess how to make the question form of the present perfect continuous?
It's not very difficult - just put 'have' or 'has' before the subject:
'Yes / No' Questions
have I been walking?
have you been running?
has he been cooking?
has she been swimming?
has it been raining?
have we been studying?
have they been sleeping?
For 'wh' questions put the question word first:
'Yes / No' Questions
what have I been doing?
where have you been running?
what has he been studying?
why has she been working today?
how long has it been raining?
how long have we been watching this film?
how long have they been living here?
How to make the tense
How good are you at the Present Perfect Continuous tense? It's not a very common tense, and often it's not taught in classes, but we do use it
sometimes and it's very good to know how to make it, and to recognise it when other people use it.
Luckily, it's very easy to make.
Here's the positive (it's the present perfect of 'be' + verb -ing):
Positive
I have been walking
you have been running
he has been cooking
she has been swimming
it has been raining
we have been studying
they have been sleeping
Positive Short Form
I've been walking
you've been running
he's been cooking
she's been swimming
it's been raining
we've been studying
they've been sleeping
To make the negative, just add 'not':
Negative
I have not been walking
you have not been running
he has not been cooking
she has not been swimming
it has not been raining
we have not been studying
they have not been sleeping
Negative Short Form
I haven't been walking
you haven't been running
he hasn't been cooking
she hasn't been swimming
it hasn't been raining
we haven't been studying
they haven't been sleeping
Can you guess how to make the question form of the present perfect continuous?
It's not very difficult - just put 'have' or 'has' before the subject:
'Yes / No' Questions
have I been walking?
have you been running?
has he been cooking?
has she been swimming?
has it been raining?
have we been studying?
have they been sleeping?
For 'wh' questions put the question word first:
'Yes / No' Questions
what have I been doing?
where have you been running?
what has he been studying?
why has she been working today?
how long has it been raining?
how long have we been watching this film?
how long have they been living here?
How to use the tense:
Using the present perfect continuous (also called the present perfect progressive)
Unfinished actions
1: To say how long for unfinished actions which started in the past and continue to the present.
We often use this with 'for' and 'since' (see the the present perfect simple page for more about 'for' and 'since').
I've been living in London for two years.
She's been working here since 2004.
We've been waiting for the bus for hours.
This use is very similar to how we use the present perfect simple, and often it's possible to use either tense.
Of course, with stative verbs, we can't use the present perfect continuous.
I've been here for hours.
NOT: I've been being here for hours.
2: For temporary habits or situations.
The action started in the past and continues to the present in the same way as with use number 1, but we don't answer the questions
about 'how long' so clearly. Instead, we use a word like 'recently'.
I've been going to the gym a lot recently.
They've been living with his mother while they look for a house.
I've been reading a lot recently.
This is very similar to the use of the present continuous for temporary habits and often either tense is possible.
Finished actions
3: Actions which have recently stopped (though the whole action can be unfinished) and have a result, which we can often see, hear, or
feel, in the present. We don't use a time word here.
I'm so tired, I've been studying.
I've been running, so I'm really hot.
It's been raining so the pavement is wet.
The present perfect simple has a very similar use, which focuses on the result of the action, whereas the present perfect continuous focuses
on the action itself. See my page here about the difference between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous for more explanation.
Using the present perfect continuous (also called the present perfect progressive)
Unfinished actions
1: To say how long for unfinished actions which started in the past and continue to the present.
We often use this with 'for' and 'since' (see the the present perfect simple page for more about 'for' and 'since').
I've been living in London for two years.
She's been working here since 2004.
We've been waiting for the bus for hours.
This use is very similar to how we use the present perfect simple, and often it's possible to use either tense.
Of course, with stative verbs, we can't use the present perfect continuous.
I've been here for hours.
NOT
The action started in the past and continues to the present in the same way as with use number 1, but we don't answer the questions
about 'how long' so clearly. Instead, we use a word like 'recently'.
I've been going to the gym a lot recently.
They've been living with his mother while they look for a house.
I've been reading a lot recently.
This is very similar to the use of the present continuous for temporary habits and often either tense is possible.
Finished actions
3: Actions which have recently stopped (though the whole action can be unfinished) and have a result, which we can often see, hear, or
feel, in the present. We don't use a time word here.
I'm so tired, I've been studying.
I've been running, so I'm really hot.
It's been raining so the pavement is wet.
The present perfect simple has a very similar use, which focuses on the result of the action, whereas the present perfect continuous focuses
on the action itself. See my page here about the difference between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous for more explanation.
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Source: Perfect English Grammar!
English Tenses
English Verb Tenses
How to make and use the tense:
1. Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect Simple
4. Present Perfect Continuous
5. Past Simple Form
6. Past Continuous Form
7. Past Perfect Simple Form
8. Past Perfect Continuous Form
9. Future Simple Form
10. Future Continuous Form
11. Future Perfect Simple Form
12. Future Perfect Continuous Form
Source: Perfect English Grammar!
English Tenses
English Verb Tenses
How to make and use the tense:
1. Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect Simple
4. Present Perfect Continuous
5. Past Simple Form
6. Past Continuous Form
7. Past Perfect Simple Form
8. Past Perfect Continuous Form
9. Future Simple Form
10. Future Continuous Form
11. Future Perfect Simple Form
12. Future Perfect Continuous Form
The Past Simple Tense
(also called the simple past tense)
It's similar to the present simple because it has different rules for the verb 'be', which becomes 'was' or 'were':
The Past Simple with 'be'
Here's how to make the positive:
Positive with 'be'
I was cold
you were tired
he was in the garden
she was late
it was sunny
we were on holiday
they were hungry
To make the negative with 'be', just add 'not':
I was not sleepy
I wasn't sleepy
you were not on the bus
you weren't on the bus
he was not at school
he wasn't at school
she was not beautiful
she wasn't beautiful
it was not cold
it wasn't cold
we were not at work
we weren't at work
they were not tired
they weren't tired
To make a question, just like the present simple, we change the position of 'was/were' and the subject.
Here are the past simple 'yes/no' questions with 'be':
'Yes / No' Questions with 'Be'
was I sleepy?
were you late?
was he at the cinema?
was she kind?
was it hot?
were we hungry?
were they at work?
And the 'wh' questions with 'be' (the question word just goes at the beginning, everything else is the same):
'Wh' Questions with 'Be'
why was I sleepy?
where were you?
when was he at the cinema?
how was she?
how was it?
why were we hungry?
when were they at work?
The Past Simple (Simple Past) with Other Verbs
We make the past simple just like the present simple except we use 'did' instead of 'do / does'. It's really easy because 'did' doesn't change, even with 'he / she / it'.
The positive:
We usually make the positive by adding '-ed' to the infinitive. For example, 'play' becomes 'played'. However, there are some irregular verbs, for example 'go' becomes 'went' and 'run' becomes 'ran'.
Positive with Other Verbs
I walked (regular)
you played (regular)
he cooked (regular)
she listened (regular)
it rained (regular)
we ate (irregular)
they drank (irregular)
In the negative there aren't any irregular verbs. All verbs use 'did not (didn't) + infinitive':
I did not walk I didn't walk
you did not play you didn't play
he did not cook he didn't cook
she did not listen she didn't listen
it did not rain it didn't rain
we did not eat we didn't eat
they did not drink they didn't drink
Questions are also very easy. Just put 'did' before the subject, and the infinitive after it.
did I walk?
did you play?
did he cook?
did she listen?
did it rain?
did we eat?
did they drink?
To make a 'wh' question, of course, put the question word at the beginning of the sentence:
where did I go?
what did you play?
what did he cook?
why did she listen?
when did it rain?
where did we eat?
how did they travel?
https://www.tgoop.com/learn_tenses
source: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple.html
(also called the simple past tense)
It's similar to the present simple because it has different rules for the verb 'be', which becomes 'was' or 'were':
The Past Simple with 'be'
Here's how to make the positive:
Positive with 'be'
I was cold
you were tired
he was in the garden
she was late
it was sunny
we were on holiday
they were hungry
To make the negative with 'be', just add 'not':
I was not sleepy
I wasn't sleepy
you were not on the bus
you weren't on the bus
he was not at school
he wasn't at school
she was not beautiful
she wasn't beautiful
it was not cold
it wasn't cold
we were not at work
we weren't at work
they were not tired
they weren't tired
To make a question, just like the present simple, we change the position of 'was/were' and the subject.
Here are the past simple 'yes/no' questions with 'be':
'Yes / No' Questions with 'Be'
was I sleepy?
were you late?
was he at the cinema?
was she kind?
was it hot?
were we hungry?
were they at work?
And the 'wh' questions with 'be' (the question word just goes at the beginning, everything else is the same):
'Wh' Questions with 'Be'
why was I sleepy?
where were you?
when was he at the cinema?
how was she?
how was it?
why were we hungry?
when were they at work?
The Past Simple (Simple Past) with Other Verbs
We make the past simple just like the present simple except we use 'did' instead of 'do / does'. It's really easy because 'did' doesn't change, even with 'he / she / it'.
The positive:
We usually make the positive by adding '-ed' to the infinitive. For example, 'play' becomes 'played'. However, there are some irregular verbs, for example 'go' becomes 'went' and 'run' becomes 'ran'.
Positive with Other Verbs
I walked (regular)
you played (regular)
he cooked (regular)
she listened (regular)
it rained (regular)
we ate (irregular)
they drank (irregular)
In the negative there aren't any irregular verbs. All verbs use 'did not (didn't) + infinitive':
I did not walk I didn't walk
you did not play you didn't play
he did not cook he didn't cook
she did not listen she didn't listen
it did not rain it didn't rain
we did not eat we didn't eat
they did not drink they didn't drink
Questions are also very easy. Just put 'did' before the subject, and the infinitive after it.
did I walk?
did you play?
did he cook?
did she listen?
did it rain?
did we eat?
did they drink?
To make a 'wh' question, of course, put the question word at the beginning of the sentence:
where did I go?
what did you play?
what did he cook?
why did she listen?
when did it rain?
where did we eat?
how did they travel?
https://www.tgoop.com/learn_tenses
source: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple.html