Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Proteus

Proteus is part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal
tract. It can also be found free-living in water and soil. When this organism, however, enters the urinary tract, wounds, or the lungs
it can become pathogenic
Culture of proteus bacilli has a characteristic putrefactive odor
described as 'fishy or seminal".
Rotten cooked fishy odor: Proteus mirabilis produces a very
distinct fishy odor. On Salmonella-Shigella (SS)
agar, Proteus usually smells like “rotten cooked fish”.


@microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Balantidium coli [Ref Paniker p. 111]

@microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - A
Answer: A. Hb S ag

HBsAg (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen
of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It indicates current hepatitis B
infection.

@microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Neisseria meningitidis


@microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Causes hemorrhagic fever

Nipah virus is an emerging infectious agent belongs to
paramyxoviridae.

It was first isolated in Malaysia in 1998, causing encephalitis in
domestic pigs, with direct transmission from pigs to human.

There have been Nipah virus infection outbreaks in pigs in Malaysia and Singapore and human disease in Malaysia, Singapore, India and Bangladesh.

Typically the human infection presents as an encephalitis syndrome marked by fever headache, drowsiness, disorientation, mental
confusion, coma and death

@microbiology_vid.

Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Onchocerca
Onchocerciasis is also known as River blindness and Robles
disease.

@microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Aspergillus
Septate hyphae with acute branching is characteristic of aspergillus.


@microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Epitope
Epitope
Also known as "antigenic determinant".
It is antibody binding site of antigen.

@microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Immunological memory [Ref Harrison 19
th /e p. 372]

Acquired (adaptive) immunity is found only in vertebrates
It is based on the generation of antigen receptors on T and B
lymphocytes by germ line gene rearrangements.

It is specific.

It is developed as a result of an antigenic stimulus (Immunological
priming)or by passive transfer of antibodies.

It provides immunological memory; subsequent antigen exposure
leads to more rapid and vigorous immune responses.

The adaptive immune system consist of dual limbs of cellular and humoral immunity.

@microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - D
Ans. is. 'd' i. e., Fluoroquinolones plus INH plus rifampicin plus
amikacin

Extensive drug resistance TB ( XDR - TB) is referred to resistance to
rifampicin and isoniazid as well as to quinolone and at least one of
the following second line drug kanamycin, capreomycin or amikacin.

XDR - TB = resistance to INH, rifampcin, Quinolone, and
capreomycin/kanamycin/ amikacin

@microbiology_vid