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The difference between
human values,
ethical values and
moral values


๐Ÿ†Values that are said to be โ€œethicalโ€ are those that command respectful behavior toward
others, that is, towards other human beings, without harming them. These can be applied to
animal and plant life as well.


๐Ÿ† โ€œMoralโ€ values are in fact the same, but today, โ€œmoralisingโ€ rhetoric is not well received. For
this reason, some people refer to โ€œethical valuesโ€. However, most people seem more
interested yet in โ€œhuman valuesโ€.

๐Ÿ† These are seen as much more positive, perhaps because
we feel directly concerned: we ourselves have a strong desire to have others be โ€œhumanโ€ to
These human, ethical and moral values are universal values, felt deep down inside each of
us (our consciousness). They are also expressed formally in laws, constitutions and various
international texts (Declarations, Conventions, etc..) asserting Human Rights. The
recognition of these universal values by many countries in the world is the first step toward
their implementation, calling for everyone to respect them. These texts aim in the first place
at guaranteeing the integrity (both physical and psychological) of every human being,
precisely because he/she is human: each person holds the right not to be abused, whatever
form those abuses may take. But the ultimate goal is to promote a positive and concrete
practice (attitudes, behaviours and acts) establishing those human universal values as the
basis of human relationships, in a spirit of reciprocity and mutual respect of those values.


๐Ÿ† Human values inspire us to better put into practice our moral values, especially in conflict
situations, when we tend to put them aside and become confrontational
.

๐Ÿ”˜ @upsc_SOMP ๐Ÿ”˜
Role of Society


Within societyยญ
neighbors,
classmates peers,
colleagues,
media,
movies,
television

Conformity: What peers/colleagues are doing, person is forced to mimick the same.
If theyโ€™re addicted, heโ€™ll be same


If theyโ€™re living in nuclear families, he too will feel to separate
from his joint family and so on.


If theyโ€™re participating in decoration of residential complex for festival or Navratri, he too
will feel the moral obligation.


Social control: reward and punishment,

Tolerance: if youโ€™re living in a building with people from variety of caste, religion and regional
background, you develop tolerance
.
๐Ÿ”˜ @upsc_SOMP ๐Ÿ”˜
โ“What according to you is the most important human value? Why? Substantiate.  

โ“According to Confucius, โ€œall human beings are fundamentally good in their nature, and if uncorrupted by external circumstances, their actions will be morally correct.โ€ Discuss the role of family, society and educational institutes in this context.

โ“According to Dostoevsky, โ€œIf God doesnโ€™t exist, everything is permissible.โ€ In this context, discuss the role of religion in ensuring moral behavior in the society.

โ“Discuss the merits and demerits of using โ€œSocial osctricizationโ€ as a tool for ensuring moral behavior among people.

โ“The way a person conducts their private life is an indication of how trustworthy they are in public life. Do you agree? Justify your stand.

โ“Orthodox Christians consider contraceptive (birth control) drugs and abortion as sinful. So, what if he becomes a chemist or doctor? Should he run away from his duties?
Attitude

๐Ÿง˜โ€โ™‚

An attitude is a learned tendency to evaluate
people,
issues,
objects or
events in certain way.

Such evaluations are often positive or negative, but they can also be uncertain / mixed at times.


Our attitude can vary in strength along both positive affect, and with negative affect, with
ambivalence or with apathy and indifference.

It usually implies feelings that are either positive or
negative.


Defining Attitude


Social psychologists use the term attitude differently.

๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Gordon Allport

Attitude: โ€œAn attitude is a mental and neural state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a
directive or dynamic influence upon the individualโ€™s response to ill objects and situations with which it is related.โ€

In simple words, Attitude is a way of looking at any situation and deciding either consciously or
unconsciously โ€“ how we relate it to ourselves and others.

It can be something to do with our own personality and experience.

The major positive attitudes include being frank,
confident,
jealous,
respectful,
sincere,
honest,
hard working,
faithful,
loving,
flexible,
humble,
helping,
independent,
sympathetic,
hard working etc.


Attitude pertains to our feelings, beliefs and behaviour predispositions directed towards people, groups, ideas or objects.

Attitudes will always have a positive and negative element and have a
tendency to behave in a certain way toward that person or object.


Attitudes are formed primarily
based on underlying values and beliefs.

Beliefs are acquired through real experiences but the original experience related to a particular belief is mostly forgotten.

It affects the quality of our work and relationships because we experience what
we believe and it is not based on reality.

Beliefs govern our experiences. They are an important part
of our identity. They may be religious, cultural or moral. Beliefs reflect who we are and how we live
our lives.


Pre-supposed dispositions in favour or against event or object. It has the
potential to guide the way we think, we feel, and we behave. Attitude is
not necessarily based on correct information and right
knowledge.

Behaviour is an expression of self in a certain situation which may or may not be in sync with oneโ€™s attitude.

For example,
normally people have negative opinion towards social evils like
dowry,
corruption, etc.

But when it comes to their personal benefit, they do not
hesitate in indulging in those crimes.
๐Ÿ˜ถ


๐Ÿ”˜ @upsc_SOMP ๐Ÿ”˜
๐Ÿง˜โ€โ™‚ Functions of Attitudes

๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Attitudes serve several important functions.
Our attitude defines us.
It gives an up-front statement about which we really are or would like others to think who we are.


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Attitudes direct our future feelings and thoughts about the objects of those feelings and thoughts.


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Attitudes are cognitive structures that guide perception and help us fill the gaps when
information is lacking.


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Attitudes summarize our feelings, thoughts, intentions, and behaviour and it helps us to
respond.


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Attitudes lead us to value objects that help us reach our goals.


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Attitudes serve a helps us to make sense out of the world by categorizing objects and people is
knowledge function.


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€As a value-expressive function, it helps in expressing our values.
Values are expressed through attitude. That is if you value
something we develop attitude in response to that. Ex: Honesty,
fundamental rights.

๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Attitudes serve an ego-defensive function when they protect us against our fears and
anxieties.

๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Heuristic Function: We develop favourable attitude towards an attitude that aids or rewards us


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Our decisions are based on how we evaluate situations. Attitude
facilitates decision making. Ex: Attitude of alleviating poverty.



๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Ego-defensive function and the adjustive function. One person
has a very strong liking for something, but unfortunately he
doesnโ€™t get it. If he continues liking that thing, most of the time,
he will be emotionally frustrated. The person will try to
rationalise by changing his attitude.



๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€Attitudes can help people to approach things that are beneficial to them and avoid things that are harmful to them.


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€ Attitudes help us in social adjustments. Attitudes make help us in simplifying our perception about the world and makes it more
manageable to us
.

๐Ÿ”˜ @upsc_SOMP ๐Ÿ”˜
๐Ÿง˜โ€โ™‚
Attitudes 



I hate men with long hair.

In the above example, the person is having a negative attitude towards men who grow long hair.

Both Attitudes and Values are the beliefs (views) of a person.

Can you change a personโ€™s attitude? (Or even your own attitude?)

Yes.
Due to the influence of society, we all develop positive, negative, and neutral attitudes towards many things.

Eg: I hate XYZ religion.
I don't like to dress like celebrity

our negative or neutral attitude is undesirable in modern society, it should be changed to a positive attitude.


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€There are various techniques for changing a personโ€™s attitude.



Attitudes are often the result of social influence, experience or upbringing.

Attitudes have a powerful influence over behaviour. While attitudes are enduring, they can change, resulting in a change in behaviour as well.


๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€For example โ€“ Only if the citizens of a country have a positive attitude towards cleanliness, campaigns such as Swatch Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) will succeed.

Here, by various campaigns (advertisements), the government is trying to change the attitude of citizens, and hence to stop their behaviour of throwing wastes in public, open-defecation etc.

Process of Attitude Change

Attitudes are dynamic and influences which form the attitude can also change the attitude.

Thus, there are three theories on change of attitude:

Learning Theory of Attitude Change
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning can be used to bring about
attitude change. Classical conditioning can be used to create positive emotional reactions to an
object, person or event by associating positive feelings with the target object. Operant conditioning
can be used to strengthen desirable attitudes and weaken undesirable ones.

People can also change
their attitudes after observing the behaviours of others.

Elaboration Likelihood Theory of Attitude Change

This theory of persuasion suggests that people can alter their attitudes in two ways. First, they can be
motivated to listen and think about the message, thus leading to an attitude shift. Or,

they might be
influenced by characteristics of the speaker, leading to a temporary or surface shift in attitude.

Messages that are thought-provoking and that appeal to logic are more likely to lead to permanent
changes in attitudes.
Dissonance Theory of Attitude Change
As mentioned earlier, people can also change their attitudes when they have conflicting beliefs about
a topic. In order to reduce the tension created by these incompatible beliefs, people often shift theirattitudes.


๐Ÿ”˜ @upsc_SOMP ๐Ÿ”˜
๐Ÿ’โ€โ™€contents of the conscious and unconscious part of the mind are usually different. Accordingly, attitudes are classified as explicit and implicit.

๐Ÿ‘‰Explicit Attitude (Conscious) โ€“ If a person is aware of his attitudes and how they influence his behaviour, then those attitudes are explicit. Explicit attitudes are formed consciously.


๐Ÿ‘‰Implicit Attitude (Sub-Conscious) โ€“ If a person is unaware of his attitudes (beliefs) and how they influence his behaviour, then those attitudes are implicit. Implicit attitudes are formed subconsciously.

@upsc_SOMP
๐Ÿš†If We Canโ€™t Accept Limitations Then Weโ€™re No Better Than The Bad Guys.


๐Ÿš†If Youโ€™re Nothing Without This Suit Then You Shouldnโ€™t Have It.

๐Ÿš†Sometimes You Gotta Run Before You Can Walk.


๐Ÿš†What Is The Point Of Owning A Race Car If You Canโ€™t Drive It?

๐Ÿš†We Create Our Own Demons

...
It is our own mental attitude which makes the world what it is for us. Our thought make things beautiful, our thoughts make things ugly. The whole world is in our own minds. Learn to see things in the proper light.

...swami vivekanad
Attitude Questions (Year-Wise)

2019 โ€“ Attitude Questions Theory-Based

โ“What is meant by โ€˜crisis of conscienceโ€™? How does it manifest itself in the public domain? 

2018

โ“With regard to the morality of actions, one view is that means is of paramount importance and the other view is that the ends justify the means. Which view do you think is more appropriate? Justify your answer.

2017 โ€“

โ“Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics. Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward.

โ“Without commonly shared and widely entrenched moral values and obligations, neither the law, nor democratic government, nor even the market economy will function properly. What do you understand by this statement? Explain with illustration in contemporary times.

2016 โ€“

โ“How could social influence and persuasion contribute to the success of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?

โ“Our attitudes towards life, work, other people and society are generally shaped unconsciously by the family and the social surroundings in which we grow up. Some of these unconsciously acquired attitudes and values are often undesirable in the citizens of a modern democratic and egalitarian society.
(a) Discuss such undesirable values prevalent in Todayโ€™s educated Indians
(b) How can such undesirable attitudes be changed and socioethical values considered necessary in public services be cultivated in the aspiring and serving civil servants?

2015 โ€“

โ“Two different kinds of attitudes exhibited by public servants towards their work have been identified as bureaucratic attitudes and democratic attitudes.

Distinguish between these two terms and write their merits and demerits.

Is it possible to balance the two to create a better administration for the faster development of our country?

2014 โ€“

โ“What factors affect the formation of a personโ€™s attitude towards social problems? In our society, contrasting attitudes are prevalent in many social problems. What contrasting attitudes do you notice about the caste system in our society? How do you explain the existence of these contrasting attitudes? 

๐Ÿ”˜ @upsc_SOMP ๐Ÿ”˜
2014 โ€“

โ“Suppose you are the CEO of a company that manufactures specialized electronic equipment used by a government department. You have submitted your bid for the supply of this equipment to the department. Both the quality and cost of your offer are better than those of the competitors. Yet the concerned officer is demanding a hefty bribe for approving the tender. Getting the order is important both for you and your company. Not getting the order would mean closing a production line. It may also affect your own career. However, as a value-conscious person, You do not want to give bribes. Valid arguments can be advanced both for giving the bribe and getting the order and for refusing to pay the bribe and risking the loss of the order. What those arguments could be, Could there be any better way to get out of this dilemma? If so, outline the main elements of this third way, pointing out its merits
.
2015 โ€“

โ“You are recently posted as a district development officer of a district. Shortly thereafter you found that there is considerable tension in the rural areas of your district on the issue of sending girls to schools. The elders of the village feel that many problems have come up because girls are being educated and they are stepping out of the safe environment of the household. They are the view that the girls should be quickly married off with minimum education. The girls are also competing for jobs after education, which have traditionally remained in boysโ€™ exclusive domain, adding to unemployment amongst the male population. The younger generation feels that in the present era, girls should have equal opportunities for education and employment, and other means of livelihood.
The entire locality is divided between sexes into both generations. You come to know that in Panchayat or in other local bodies or even in busy crosswords, the issue is being acrimoniously debated.
One day you are informed that an unpleasant incident has taken place. Some girls were molested, when they were en route to schools. The incident led to clashes between several groups and a law and order problem has arisen. The elders after heated discussion have taken a joint decision not to allow girls to go to school and to socially boycott all such families, which do not follow their dictates. 

What steps would you take to ensure girlsโ€™ safety without disrupting their education?

How would you manage and mould the patriarchal attitude of the village elders to ensure harmony in intergenerational
relations
Emotional intelligence (otherwise known as emotional quotient or EQ)

It is the ability to
understand,
use, and
manage your
own emotions
in positive ways
to relieve stress,
communicate effectively,
empathize with others,
overcome challenges
and
defuse conflict.

Emotional intelligence helps you build stronger relationships, succeed at school and work, and achieve your career and personal goals.
It can also help you to connect with your feelings, turn intention into action, and make informed decisions about what matters most to you
.

๐Ÿ”˜ @upsc_SOMP ๐Ÿ”˜
๐Ÿ–What are the fab five components of emotional intelligence?

Emotional intelligence requires the following five qualities to be present in EMPLOYEES



How and what am I feeling at any moment in time?
How does my behavior impact my work and others?
How confident am I about myself and my abilities?

Motivation โ€“ Effective motivation requires a persistent positive attitude towards very clearly defined goals.
We expect and overcome obstacles instead of viewing them with a defeating permanence.
The needs of the organization are always kept in mind and opportunities to meet those needs are exploited at every
opportunity.

Self-regulation โ€“ Processing emotions effectively means that we are able to read situations accurately.
As a result, we are better able to devise appropriate responses.
To respond to lifeโ€™s emotional challenges, we must know our patterns of emotional response. We must also work to change damaging patterns through learning useful counter-techniques and committing ourselves to the goals of the organization with integrity.

Social skills โ€“ Humans are social animals. As networks of humans, businesses require employees to have social skills that will allow employees to work collectively towards organizational goals.  Qualities such as leadership and effective communication are critical to the growth of organizations.
Equally, the ability to build teams, forge change, and manage conflict are important as well.

Empathy โ€“ Empathy is the ability to place oneself in the shoes of another. Managers need insight into how their decisions and behavior will impact their subordinates, peers, and superiors. Likewise, clients cannot be satisfied without an understanding of the context within which they work and how the employeeโ€™s business supports clients in meeting their goals.
Training and development of staff necessitates that managers are aware of where strengths and weaknesses exist and what might be behind them.

The five components of emotional intelligence provide a roadmap for the identification and sharing of emotions in organizational settings
.
๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘
What does it mean to have bad emotional intelligence?

If Iโ€™m honest, โ€™emotional intelligenceโ€™ is not my favorite term.
Emotions are not logical; they are perceptual.
Therefore, applying the term โ€˜intelligenceโ€™ to them robs emotions of their essence.
However, when we discuss those with bad emotional intelligence it typically means that the person is lacking in one or more of the five areas outlined above.

Think of it. Of what value is knowing how you feel (self-awareness) if you canโ€™t control the expression of that  feeling (self-control)?
Or, what is the value of being a workaholic manager (motivation) if your subordinatesโ€™ good ideas never get heard because you talk over them (lack of empathy
).
If your emotional abilities aren't in hand, if you don't have self-awareness, if you are not able to manage your distressing emotions, if you can't have empathy and have effective relationships, then no matter how smart you are, you are not going to get very far.

. -Daniel Goleman
When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creatures of logic, but with creatures of emotion. -

๐Ÿ”˜ @upsc_SOMP ๐Ÿ”˜
When our emotional health is in a bad state, so is our level of self-esteem. We have to slow down and deal with what is troubling us, so that we can enjoy the simple joy of being happy and at peace with ourselves.

๐Ÿ”˜ @upsc_SOMP ๐Ÿ”˜
The only way to change someone's mind is to connect with them from the heart
No one cares how much you know, until they know how much you care.
 -Theodore Roosevelt
2025/07/14 17:42:35
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