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Plato and Aristotle had conceived the state as man's
natural destiny, as the realisation of all his intellectual and moral potentialities.

Augustine
introduced the Christian idea of the dual nature of tnan consisting of both a body and soul, and
insisted that both these elements must be given due importance in any political organisation
.

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People without law and
justice are nothing but band of robbers.

__Augustine

About property and slavery, Augustine's view marked a clear departure from Aristotle's.
Both property and slavery, according to the saint, are contrary to original human nature.
But they become necessary in the actual condition of the fallen man.
Machiavelli's
Methods were historical but lie was a political realist, more concerned with the actual working
of government than a theory of tlie state.

He built his theories on the premise that men are
essentially wicked and selfish.

According to him, state is the highest form of human association
and an indispensable instrumenl for tlie promotion of human welfare.

A successful ruler or
'Prince' should be a perfect embodiment of shrewdness and self-control, making full use of his
virtues and vices.

Two basic means of success for a 'Prince' are judicious use of law and
phiysical force.

Tlie ruler is creator of law and of morality
.
Hobbes' theory is seen to reflect the political
ideology of the incipient capitalist market society characterised by the doctrine of "possessive
individualism" and the ethic of cut-throat competition and self-aggrandisement
. ..
🧘‍♂SOCIOLOGY

Groups within which we spend our lives—in our families, schools, communities, workplaces, and societies—help to define us in the eyes of others, while defining us to ourselves as well.


Sociologists possess a quality of mind that helps them to use scientific knowledge and logical reasoning in order to develop understandings of what is going on in the world.


Sociology is a DISCIPLINE that makes it possible to see how individual experiences—how we act, think, feel, and remember—are connected to the wider society.


To understand human experience better, we must understand all that we can about groups and social relationships.


Sociologists examine the shared meanings that humans attach to their interactions with one another, and they study human experience as it unfolds within societies over time.

They study social patterns that are stable and also those that are changing



. Because sociologists must be able to recognize social trends and patterns, while being skillful writers, speakers, and researchers, members of the sociology faculty are strongly committed to teaching students how to do sociology and how to think sociologically about the world.

Sociology majors are given the opportunity and encouragement to develop their own ideas about society and to express them verbally and in writing
.

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💁‍♀ don't forget to include this in today's answer writing..
INTERNAL SECURITY

👉"I believe that our national security lies not just in protecting our borders, but in bridging divides."

👉"We cannot continue to rely only on our military in order to achieve the national security objectives that we've set. We've got to have a civilian national security force that's just as powerful, just as strong, just as well-funded."

👉The country faces a challenging situation of dealing with internal security threats in the form of insurgency in north-eastern States, separatist movement in Kashmir, and the Khalistan struggle in Punjab.

👉Retaliation cannot be an answer to extremist attacks. Since the disturbances cannot be caused without local support, the country has to take precautions and be on its guard to ensure that things do not go out of control.



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COMMON SENSE
Common sense is not lowest common denominator of simple-mindedness :-> It is a set of
rudimentary theories about experience expressed in everyday words.
Already, in common sense, we know that all aspects of nature are intricately
interconnected and interwoven with each other; and that some events, in particular,
seem always to cause others – but it is when we need to know, what exactly these
interconnections are, what events exactly cause others that out common sense
experience fails us. -> This forces us to think more critically ->These methods of critical
analytical thought, careful observation, recording and description, and this testing of
theories against facts are science.
-> Therefore, Common sense is science in embryo.
💁‍♀ don't forget to include in today's answer
#psychology

Highly extraverted individuals are assertive and sociable,
rather than quiet and reserved.

Agreeable individuals are cooperative and polite,
rather than antagonistic and rude.

Conscientious individuals are task focused and orderly,
rather than distractible and disorganized.

Neurotic individuals are prone to experiencing negative emotions, such as anxiety, depression, and irritation,
rather than being emotionally resilient.
Finally,

highly open individuals have a broad
rather than narrow range of interests,
are sensitive
rather than indifferent to art and beauty, and prefer novelty to routine
.

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#agricultural
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"If the farmer is rich, then so is the nation."
-Amit Kalantri

"The discovery of agriculture was the first big step toward a civilized life."
-Arthur Keith

"A farmer is a magician who produces money from the mud." -Amit Kalantri

"Agriculture not only gives riches to a nation, but the only riches she can call her own."
-Samuel Johnson

"To a farmer dirt is not a waste, it is wealth."
-Amit Kalantri

"If agriculture goes wrong, nothing else will have a chance to go right in the country."
-M. S. Swaminathan

"Life on a farm is a school of patience; you can't hurry the crops or make an ox in two days."
-Henri Alain

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Todays Googledoodle

Pu La Deshpande books are filled with life and humour. It’s literally like a breath of fresh air when you read his books. So if you haven’t read any of the books till now, go get a hold of them. Enjoy!❤️❤️

🎭Apoorvaai (अपूर्वाई)
🎭Asa Mi Asami (असा मी असामी)
🎭Batatychi Chal (बटाट्याची चाळ)
🎭Ganagot (गणगोत)
🎭Khillee (खिल्ली)
🎭Purchundi (पुरचुंडी

Few of them
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Disaster and Medical Ethics


Disaster ethics deals with situations in which a crisis has led to a large number of people needing medical help.

In the case of disasters, decisions must be made on who should receive services until more can arrive.

Due to COVID-19 many a times’ medical and other food material becomes scarce for the large no. of people wanting
them.

Hence Ethical Principles are required for equitable distribution of resources.


The other question crops up whether scarce medical supplies available at the time of pandemics should be
made available to front line medical doctors or to critical patients?


Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that apply values to the practice of clinical medicine and in
scientific research.

Medical ethics is based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the case of any
confusion or conflict.

These values include the respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice.
Such tenets may allow doctors, care providers, and families to create a treatment plan and work towards the
same common goal.

It is important to note that these values are not ranked in order of importance or relevance
and that they all encompass values pertaining to medical ethics.

However, a conflict may arise leading to the
need for hierarchy in an ethical system, such that some moral elements overrule others with the purpose of
applying the best moral judgement to a difficult medical situation.


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💁‍♀ Don't forget to include in today's answer writing

Seven principles of public life 
Selflessness,
Integrity,
Objectivity,
Accountability,
Openness,
Honesty,
Leadership.

🔮Leadership
Holders of public office should promote and support the principles of public life by leadership and example.

For eg. Lal Bahadur Shastri used to fast every Monday to save grains for poor people of the country and he gave a call for the nation to follow it. Thus exhibiting a true example of how leaders should lead from the front.

🔮Selflessness
Holders of public office should act solely in terms of public interest. They should not do so in order to gain financial or other benefits for themselves, their family or their friends.

For eg. Tukaram Omble of Maharashtra police tackled Kasab one of the terrorists of Mumbai attack so that he couldn’t attack his fellow servicemen. Thus showing exemplary courage and the highest degree of selflessness by giving away his life for the cause of his nation.

Gita also in one of its shloka- karmanye vadhikaraste ma phaleshu kadachana reiterates the principle of selflessness which means one should only focus on our actions and should not worry about the result.

🔮Accountability

Holders of public office are accountable for their decisions and actions to the public and must submit themselves to whatever scrutiny is appropriate to their office.

For eg. Vikram Sarabhai accepted the failure of ISRO first mission without actually putting it on the mission head (APJ Abdul Kalam). Thus taking full accountability for the failure of his team
.

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#International relations

“There is some self interest behind every friendship. There is no friendship without self interests. This is a bitter Truth”  

― Chanakya



“When diplomacy ends, War begins.”  

― Adolf Hitler



“It might be a good idea if the various countries of the world would occasionally swap history books, just to see what other people are doing with the same set of facts.”  

― Bill Vaughan,



“If it’s wrong when they do it, it’s wrong when we do it.”  

― Noam Chomsky



“…..foreign policy is a matter of costs and benefits, not theology.”

 ― Fareed Zakaria


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#international relationship


“He who wishes to serve his country must have not only the power to think, but the will to act”  

― Plato



“International politics, like all politics, is a struggle for power”

 ― Hans J. Morgenthau



“War made the state, and the state made war”  

― Charles Tilly




“The “compleat diplomat” of the future should remain cognizant of realism’s emphasis on the inescapable role of power, keep liberalism’s awareness of domestic forces in mind, and occasionally reflect on constructivism’s vision of change.”  

― Stephen M. Walt




“A great deal of world politics is a fundamental struggle, but it is also a struggle that has to be waged intelligently.”

 ― Zbigniew Brzezinski




“Even as individuals become families and families become communities, and communities become nations, so eventually must the nations draw together in peace.”  


― Marjorie Watts




“We have not eternal allies and we have not perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and peretual and those interests it is out duty to follow.”

― Lord Palmerston




“Great is the guilt of an unnecessary war.” 

―John Adams




”It isn’t enough to talk about peace. One must believe in it. And it isn’t enough to believe in it. One must work at it.” 

― Eleanor Roosevelt




“Whoever has an army has power, and war decides everything.”

― Mao Tse Tung




“Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.”

― Mao Tse Tung



“War gives the right to the conquerors to impose any condition they please upon the vanquished.”

― Julius Caesar



“The object of war is not to die for your country but to make the other bastard die for his.” 

― George S. Patton





“To be prepared for War is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.”

― George Washington



“There are only two forces in the world, the sword and the spirit. In the long run, the sword will always be conquered by the spirit.”

― Napoleon Bonaparte




”Patriotism is when love of your own people comes first; nationalism, when hate for people other than your own comes first.”

― Charles de Gaulle






“To call war the soil of courage and virtue is like calling debauchery the soil of love.” 

― George Santayana





“Patriotism is your conviction that this country is superior to all others because you were born in it.” 

― G.B. Shaw





“Today the real test of power is not capacity to make war but capacity to prevent it.”

― Anne O’Hare McCormick



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"Anything you say can and will be used against you" also applies in everyday life. All the time, every time.

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If you suffer from anxiety or an uncomfortable feeling of butterflies in your stomach, simply wash your face with cool water. An effect called the "diving reflex" will instantly lower your heart-rate substantially, helping you calm down.

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If you are a very talkative person, get in the habit of questioning what you gain by sharing information with the people you talk to.
Sometimes knowing when not to talk is just as important as knowing what to say...


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Express gratitude, rather than apologize, to keep people on your side when you make a mistake.

Example: If you are an officer, and if someone is waiting for a while, it’s natural for you to say, “Sorry for the wait.” That immediate puts fault on you and puts the customer in a position to either admonish you or forgive you. Neither is appropriate in officer's situation.

Instead, you should start saying things like, “Thank you for waiting. I appreciate your patience.” Then you’ve complimented them. They feel like the bigger person, just for having done the ‘kind gesture’ of not knowing you still hold the reins.

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You don’t always have to have a logical reason for saying “No”. “I’m not comfortable with that” is a really good reason.

The sooner you learn the power of 'no', the better
.

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“Since Auschwitz we know what man is capable of. And since Hiroshima we know what is at stake.” 

― Viktor Frankl




“The world has achieved brilliance without conscience. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants.”

― Gen. Omar Bradley




“He who does not attempt to make peace when small discords arise, Is like the bee’s hive which leaks drops of honey .Soon, the whole hive collapses.” 

― Nagarjuna





“To build may have to be the slow and laborious task of years. To destroy can be the thoughtless act of a single day.” 

― Sir Winston Churchill



“The world is now too small for anything but brotherhood.” 

― Arthur Powell Davies





“We hear war called murder. It is not; it is suicide.”

― James Ramsay MacDonald





“The world must learn to work together, or finally it will not work at all.” 

― Dwight Eisenhower





“A wise man does not try to hurry history. Many wars have been avoided by patience, and many have been precipitated by reckless haste.”

― Adlai Stevenson






“Trade is the natural enemy of all violent passions because it loves moderation, delights in compromise and is most careful to avoid anger.”


― Alex de Tocqueville






“The meat of the buffalo tastes the same on both sides of the border.”

― Sitting Bull





“People and nations are forged in the fires of adversity.”


―  John Adams




“I love my country far too much to be a nationalist
.” ― 

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2025/07/13 23:00:21
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