✊🏽 There were many causes behind the Russian Revolution of 1917, ranging from the unpopular authoritarian rule of Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917) to the radical mobilisation of the working class, who wanted better working conditions and more political representation.
Actually, a double revolution, the first revolution brought about the abdication of the tsar in March, then, after the ineffective rule of the Provisional Government of 1917, a second revolution occurred in November. The latter is often called the Bolshevik Revolution because it saw the Bolsheviks (later called the Communist Party) led by Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) seize power and establish Soviet Russia.
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Actually, a double revolution, the first revolution brought about the abdication of the tsar in March, then, after the ineffective rule of the Provisional Government of 1917, a second revolution occurred in November. The latter is often called the Bolshevik Revolution because it saw the Bolsheviks (later called the Communist Party) led by Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) seize power and establish Soviet Russia.
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This is the #familytree of the #Stuarts (sometimes spelled Stewart or Steuart), a ruling dynasty of #Scotland from 1371 and of #England from 1603, made from a personal union of crowns in the #UnitedKingdom until the establishment of #GreatBritain and the passage of the British crown in 1714 to the House of #Hanover. Some of the most famous (and infamous) monarchs of Britain came from the Royal House of Stuart, including #CharlesI (who was beheaded after his defeat in the #EnglishCivilWar) and #JamesI (who was the intended target of the 1605 #GunpowderPlot to destroy Parliament). 🖼️ Graphic by Simeon Netchev. #BritishHistory #KingsandQueens #Royals #EarlyModernHistory #History
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The ones who suffer the most are regular civilians not the leaders or governments who make the terrible decisions to start wars. I hope one day we live in a world where our governments choose to influence peace instead of fueling conflict.
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#OnThisDay in 1666, #TheGreatFireofLondon started in a small baker's shop down #PuddingLane, #London, before going on to sweep across the English capital, destroying over 13,000 buildings and even engulfing old #StPauls cathedral! #OTD #EnglishHistory #History
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⚔️ On this day in 1658: Oliver Cromwell dies of pneumonia at Whitehall Palace.
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) was an accomplished cavalry commander, then head of Parliament's New Model Army, and finally Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
The latter title was awarded to Cromwell for life after the bloody conclusion of the English Civil Wars (1642-1651) and the execution of King Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649).
Cromwell was a Puritan and a radical whose long string of victories on the battlefield across the British Isles led him to believe he had been charged by God to rid the people of a wicked king. Cromwell remains a divisive figure, seen variously as a political visionary, military genius, religious fanatic, callous invader, and regicidal despot.
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Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) was an accomplished cavalry commander, then head of Parliament's New Model Army, and finally Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
The latter title was awarded to Cromwell for life after the bloody conclusion of the English Civil Wars (1642-1651) and the execution of King Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649).
Cromwell was a Puritan and a radical whose long string of victories on the battlefield across the British Isles led him to believe he had been charged by God to rid the people of a wicked king. Cromwell remains a divisive figure, seen variously as a political visionary, military genius, religious fanatic, callous invader, and regicidal despot.
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👑 On this day in 476 CE: Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire.
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🧔🏽♂️ Today is World Beard Day!
🧔🏽 Bust of Septimius Severus (reign 193–211 CE). White, fine-grained marble, modern restorations (nose, parts of the beard, draped bust). Glyptothek, Munich. Photo by Bibi Saint-Pol.
🧔🏽♂️ This alabaster bas-relief shows a head of a bearded man. The fragment was part of a larger relief which depicts a procession of tribute bearers. The man's turban and his hair style and beard suggest that the man came from the western part of the Assyrian empire, probably from modern-day Syrian coast or Turkey. From the palace of King Sargon II at Dur-Sharrukin (modern-day Khorsabad, Ninawa Governorate, Iraq), northern Mesopotamia. Neo-Assyrian period, 710-705 BCE. (The British Museum, London). Photo ©️ by Osama S.M. Amin.
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🧔🏽 Bust of Septimius Severus (reign 193–211 CE). White, fine-grained marble, modern restorations (nose, parts of the beard, draped bust). Glyptothek, Munich. Photo by Bibi Saint-Pol.
🧔🏽♂️ This alabaster bas-relief shows a head of a bearded man. The fragment was part of a larger relief which depicts a procession of tribute bearers. The man's turban and his hair style and beard suggest that the man came from the western part of the Assyrian empire, probably from modern-day Syrian coast or Turkey. From the palace of King Sargon II at Dur-Sharrukin (modern-day Khorsabad, Ninawa Governorate, Iraq), northern Mesopotamia. Neo-Assyrian period, 710-705 BCE. (The British Museum, London). Photo ©️ by Osama S.M. Amin.
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With thousands of square feet of canvas capturing every breath of the trade winds, a 19th-century tea clipper was the absolute pinnacle of sailing evolution. The #CuttySark was just such a ship, carrying tea and then wool across the far-flung outposts of the #BritishEmpire.
The Cutty Sark gained the record as the fastest ship in the world in the 1880s thanks to its sleek design and 32 sails. This literal speed merchant could breeze past the very latest #steamships, but the age of sail was coming to an end as steam engine technology improved. Today Cutty Sark, fully restored after a 50-year career at sea, is a museum on the River #Thames.
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The Cutty Sark gained the record as the fastest ship in the world in the 1880s thanks to its sleek design and 32 sails. This literal speed merchant could breeze past the very latest #steamships, but the age of sail was coming to an end as steam engine technology improved. Today Cutty Sark, fully restored after a 50-year career at sea, is a museum on the River #Thames.
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🎨 On this day in 1504: Michelangelo's David is unveiled in Piazza della Signoria in Florence.
Michelangelo's offering to the Cathedral of Florence was a marble sculpture of the Biblical King David who, in his youth, famously killed the troublesome giant Goliath. The figure is much larger than life-size - around 5.20 metres (17 feet) tall - and so big that it could not be placed on the roof of the cathedral as intended, but was instead stood in the facing square.
Michelangelo received around 400 florins for a work he had started in 1501 CE and completed in 1504 CE. David now stands in the Accademia Gallery of Florence, while a full-size replica stands in the open air of the Palazzo della Signoria.
The figure is all white now, but originally had three gilded elements: the tree stump support, a waist belt of leaves and a garland on his head. The only identification that this is a figure of David is the sling over the figure's left shoulder.
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Michelangelo's offering to the Cathedral of Florence was a marble sculpture of the Biblical King David who, in his youth, famously killed the troublesome giant Goliath. The figure is much larger than life-size - around 5.20 metres (17 feet) tall - and so big that it could not be placed on the roof of the cathedral as intended, but was instead stood in the facing square.
Michelangelo received around 400 florins for a work he had started in 1501 CE and completed in 1504 CE. David now stands in the Accademia Gallery of Florence, while a full-size replica stands in the open air of the Palazzo della Signoria.
The figure is all white now, but originally had three gilded elements: the tree stump support, a waist belt of leaves and a garland on his head. The only identification that this is a figure of David is the sling over the figure's left shoulder.
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👑 On this day in 1087 CE: William the Conqueror dies.
William the Conqueror (c. 1027-1087), also known as William, Duke of Normandy, led the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 when he defeated and killed his rival Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings. Crowned King William I of England on Christmas Day 1066, he secured his new realm after five years of hard battles against rebels and invaders.
An accomplished diplomat, gifted military commander, and ruthless overlord, William died of natural causes in 1087 at Caen, Normandy, where his tomb still lies.
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William the Conqueror (c. 1027-1087), also known as William, Duke of Normandy, led the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 when he defeated and killed his rival Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings. Crowned King William I of England on Christmas Day 1066, he secured his new realm after five years of hard battles against rebels and invaders.
An accomplished diplomat, gifted military commander, and ruthless overlord, William died of natural causes in 1087 at Caen, Normandy, where his tomb still lies.
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👑 On this day in 1543: Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
Mary Stewart was born on 8 December 1542 in Linlithgow Palace near Edinburgh. She was the daughter of King James V of Scotland (r. 1513-1542) and Mary of Guise (1515-1560).
When James V, died on 14 December 1542 with no surviving male heirs, Mary, only one week old at the time, became the queen of Scotland, the first queen to rule that country in her own right. Mary was crowned nine months later on 9 September 1543 in Stirling Castle. Mary of Guise acted as the new queen's regent.
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Mary Stewart was born on 8 December 1542 in Linlithgow Palace near Edinburgh. She was the daughter of King James V of Scotland (r. 1513-1542) and Mary of Guise (1515-1560).
When James V, died on 14 December 1542 with no surviving male heirs, Mary, only one week old at the time, became the queen of Scotland, the first queen to rule that country in her own right. Mary was crowned nine months later on 9 September 1543 in Stirling Castle. Mary of Guise acted as the new queen's regent.
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Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) was the most prominent #Confederate general of the #AmericanCivilWar (1861-1865), who commanded the Army of #NorthernVirginia for much of the war and was named general-in-chief of all Confederate forces in 1865. Born in #WestmorelandCounty, #Virginia, Lee's father was Henry Lee III, a cavalry officer who had won renown as a war hero during the #AmericanRevolution. Robert E. Lee was beloved by his men, leading them to a string of brilliant victories in the campaigns of 1862.
His defeat at the Battle of #Gettysburg (1-3 July 1863) is often considered a turning point in the war, since after that, Lee always had to stay on the defensive. While his place in #history continues to be hotly debated today, #RobertELee is certainly one of the best-known and most controversial military figures in #USHistory.
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His defeat at the Battle of #Gettysburg (1-3 July 1863) is often considered a turning point in the war, since after that, Lee always had to stay on the defensive. While his place in #history continues to be hotly debated today, #RobertELee is certainly one of the best-known and most controversial military figures in #USHistory.
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⚔️ On this day in 490 BCE: The Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece.
The Battle on the plain of Marathon in September 490 BCE between Greeks and the invading forces of Persian king Darius I (r. 522-486 BCE) was a victory that would go down in folklore as the moment the Greek city-states showed the world their courage and excellence and won their liberty.
Although in reality the battle only delayed the Persians in their imperialistic ambitions and greater battles would follow, Marathon was the first time that the mighty Persian Achaemenid Empire had been shown to be beatable and the battle would be represented in Greek art - literature, sculpture, architecture, and pottery - as a crucial and defining moment in the history of Greece.
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The Battle on the plain of Marathon in September 490 BCE between Greeks and the invading forces of Persian king Darius I (r. 522-486 BCE) was a victory that would go down in folklore as the moment the Greek city-states showed the world their courage and excellence and won their liberty.
Although in reality the battle only delayed the Persians in their imperialistic ambitions and greater battles would follow, Marathon was the first time that the mighty Persian Achaemenid Empire had been shown to be beatable and the battle would be represented in Greek art - literature, sculpture, architecture, and pottery - as a crucial and defining moment in the history of Greece.
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