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قال شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله:ﻻ ﺭﻳﺐ ﺃﻥ اﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺗﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭاﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻭﺗﻮا اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺩﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭاﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭاﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﻤﺪﻭﺡ اﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭاﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻪ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء. ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ {ﺇﻥ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻭﺭﺛﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء؛ ﺇﻥ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء ﻟﻢ ﻳﻮﺭﺛﻮا ﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭا ﻭﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺛﻮا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﺤﻆ ﻭاﻓﺮ}
. ﻭﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ: " ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﻤﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ " ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ اﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﻭﺁﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻭﻧﺤﻮﻫﻤﺎ. ﻭ " اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ": اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺒﺮ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮﺭ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮﺭ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ اﻷﻣﻮﺭ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا ﺃﻧﺰﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﻭاﻟﻮﻋﺪ ﻭاﻟﻮﻋﻴﺪ ﻭﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻭاﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻧﺤﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ. ﻭ " اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ": اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮﺭ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭاﻟﺠﻮاﺭﺡ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ اﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﺣﻮاﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﻮاﻝ اﻟﺠﻮاﺭﺡ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﺻﻮﻝ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﻗﻮاﻝ ﻭاﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎﻡ اﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺷﻔﺎﺕ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻷﻫﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﻣﻮﺭ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ. ﻭاﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﻐﻠﻄﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻮاﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭاﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻷﻣﻮﺭ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﺮﺏ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﺤﻔﻆ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ؛ ﺑﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺗﻲ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻟﻢ ﻳﺆﺕ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻤﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ {ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺗﺮﺟﺔ ﻃﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﻃﻴﺐ ﻭﺭﻳﺤﻬﺎ ﻃﻴﺐ. ﻭﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ: ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻃﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﻃﻴﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻳﺢ ﻟﻬﺎ. ﻭﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻖ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ: ﻛﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺮﻳﺤﺎﻧﺔ ﺭﻳﺤﻬﺎ ﻃﻴﺐ ﻭﻃﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺮ. ﻭﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻖ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﻨﻈﻠﺔ ﻃﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻳﺢ ﻟﻬﺎ}
. ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺎ ﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻘﺎ. ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺤﻔﻆ ﺣﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﻩ ﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ. ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻖ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺤﺎﻥ. ﻭﺃﻣﺎ اﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺗﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭاﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ اﺷﺘﺮاﻛﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ؛ ﻓﻬﺬا ﺃﺻﻞ ﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ.اه
مجموع الفتاوى (396/11).
BY مايتعلق بالقرآن
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