Almost 90% of wild plants (308,006 species of angiosperms) depend on animal pollination. A review of 115 leading global crops evaluated that 75% are dependent upon animal pollination.

Bees are believed to be the most efficient pollinators, as they rely upon pollen and nectar for feeding their offspring. This means they may visit more flowers and spend longer foraging than some other groups of flower visitors. They also display a behaviour known as floral constancy, repeatedly visiting flowers of the same species, and so increasing the likelihood of a successful pollen transfer that leads to pollination.

Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation is generally thought to be the most important factor driving bee declines through the reduction of food and nesting resources available to pollinators.

Environmental pollution and the increased use of pesticides are important factors influencing bee populations.

Alterations in insect distributions are already being seen in response to recent anthropogenic climate change.

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