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🔆 Monsoon: India’s Lifeline, Now More Unpredictable
📍 India’s monsoon is central to agriculture, economy, and culture — but climate change is reshaping its rhythm and risks.
✅ Monsoon rains affect over 64% of India’s population dependent on agriculture
✅ Only 55% of sown land is irrigated; rest depends on rain
✅ SW Monsoon (June–Sept) gives 75% of annual rain; essential for crops like rice, cotton
✅ NE Monsoon (Oct–Dec) benefits Tamil Nadu, SE coast
✅ Key drivers: ITCZ, El Niño (weakens rain), La Niña (boosts rain)
✅ Rain varies: Western Ghats & NE >400 cm; Rajasthan <60 cm
✅ Climate change impacts:
• 75% rise in extreme rainfall events (1950–2015)
• 27% rise in dry spells
• 50% rain now falls in just 20–30 hours
✅ IMD Accuracy: 100% accurate monsoon forecast (2021–24), ±5% of LPA
✅ Mission Mausam: 9-vertical weather upgrade mission for a “climate-smart Bharat”
✅ Lightning rising: Shift from NE to Central & Western India
📘 Source: Ministry of Earth Sciences, IMD, Economic Survey 2024-25
📝 Prelims MCQ:
Which of the following is true about El Niño’s impact on India?
A. It strengthens the southwest monsoon
B. It leads to above-normal winter rainfall
C. It weakens monsoon and causes droughts
D. It leads to flooding in central India
Answer: C
📝 Mains GS1/GS3 Question:
Discuss the factors affecting the variability of the Indian Monsoon. How is climate change altering its patterns and consequences?
#GS1 #GS3 #IndianMonsoon #ClimateChange
#Geography #GS1 #prelims
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