77-lesson. INVERSION (INVERSIYA)

1. Darsning maqsadi

1. Inversiyaning mohiyatini tushuntirish
2. Asosiy qoidalar va tuzilmalarga oydinlik kiritish
3. To‘g‘ri qo‘llash bo‘yicha misollar bilan tushuntirish
4. Speaking va writing uchun foydali inversiya strukturalarini berish

2. Inversiya nima?

Inversiya – gapdagi odatiy so‘z tartibini o‘zgartirish orqali ta’sirchanlik yoki rasmiylikni oshirish usuli. Odatda, inversiya yordamchi fe’l yoki modal fe’lni gap boshiga qo‘yish bilan hosil qilinadi.

Oddiy so‘z tartibi (Normal word order):

✅ He had never seen such a beautiful view before.
Inversiya bilan (With inversion):
✅ Never had he seen such a beautiful view before.

3. Inversiyaning asosiy turlari

A) Negative adverbials bilan inversiya
Ba’zi negativ yoki cheklov bildiruvchi iboralar gap boshida kelganda, inversiya ishlatiladi.

✅ Never / Rarely / Seldom / Little / Hardly / Scarcely / No sooner
Never have I seen such a brilliant performance! (Men hech qachon bunday ajoyib chiqishni ko‘rmaganman!)
Little did she know about the surprise waiting for her. (Unga tayyorlangan syurpriz haqida u deyarli hech narsa bilmas edi.
No sooner had they arrived than it started raining. (Ular yetib kelishi bilan yomg‘ir yog‘a boshladi.)

Grammar structure!
Negative adverbial + Auxiliary/Modal verb + Subject + Main verb

B) "Only" bilan boshlangan iboralar
✅ Only after / Only if / Only when / Only by / Only in this way
Only after losing everything did he realize the value of life. (U hamma narsasini yo‘qotgandan keyingina hayotning qadriga yetdi.)
Only if you practice regularly will you improve your English. (Faqat muntazam mashq qilsanggina ingliz tiling yaxshilanadi.)

Grammar structure!
Only + phrase/clause + Auxiliary/Modal verb + Subject + Main verb

C) So‘roq gap shaklida inversiya (Conditional Inversion)

✅ Had / Were / Should bilan boshlanuvchi inversiya shartli gaplarda ishlatiladi.
Had I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier. (Agar tirbandlik borligini bilganimda, oldinroq chiqib ketgan bo‘lardim.)
Were I in your position, I would accept the offer. (Agar men sening o‘rningda bo‘lsam, taklifni qabul qilardim.)
Should you need any assistance, do not hesitate to contact me. (Agar sizga yordam kerak bo‘lsa, men bilan bog‘lanishdan tortinmang.)

Grammatik tuzilma:
Had + Subject + Past Participle, Subject + Would/Could/Might + Verb
Were + Subject + to-infinitive, Subject + Would/Could/Might + Verb
Should + Subject + Base form, Subject + Will/Would + Verb

D) "So" va "Such" bilan inversiya
✅ So + Adjective + Auxiliary verb + Subject
So difficult was the exam that many students failed. (Imtihon shu qadar qiyin ediki, ko‘p talabalar yiqildi.)

✅ Such + Noun + Auxiliary verb + Subject
Such was her beauty that everyone admired her. (U shunchalik go‘zal ediki, hamma unga qoyil qolardi.)

Grammar structure!
So + Adjective + Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb
Such + be-verb + Subject + Clause

E) "Not only... but also" bilan inversiya
✅ Not only + Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb, but also...
Not only did he win the competition, but he also broke the record. (U nafaqat musobaqada g‘alaba qozondi, balki rekord ham o‘rnatdi.)

Grammar structure!
Not only + Auxiliary/Modal verb + Subject + Main verb, but also...

4. Inversiyani o‘rganishda eng yaxshi strategiyalar
✅ 1) Oddiy gaplar bilan boshlang.
Dastlab oddiy inversiyalarni ishlatish orqali grammatik tuzilmani tushuning.
✅ 2) Mavzuga mos vaziyatlarda qo‘llashni mashq qiling. Writing va speaking mashg‘ulotlarida inversiyani ishlating.
✅ 3) Ko‘p uchraydigan inversiya shakllarini yod oling. "Never have I...", "Not only did he...", "Only after..." kabi tuzilmalarni eslab qolish foydali.
✅ 4) Inversiyani yozma nutqda ko‘proq mashq qiling. Inversiya rasmiy va ta’sirchan matnlarda juda samarali ishlatiladi.
✅ 5) Tovush chiqarib gapirish va gaplarni tarjima qilish orqali mustahkamlang. O‘z tilingizda inversiya ishlatilmagan gaplarni ingliz tiliga inversiya bilan tarjima qilib ko‘ring.

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2. Shart emas 🐳
3. Oʻzingiz bilasiz manga farqi yu 😁

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77-lesson. INVERSION (INVERSIYA)

👋 Hello everybody. How are you today? Are you ready for our the seventy seventh lesson?

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Eid Ramadan - Topic Vocabulary (B2 & C1)

B2 Level Vocabulary

1. Fasting – Ro‘za tutish
2. Iftar – Ro‘za ochish vaqti
3. Suhoor – Saharlik ovqati
4. Generosity – Saxovat
5. Charity – Ehson, sadaqa
6. Spiritual reflection – Ruhiy tafakkur
7. Congregational prayer – Jamoat bo‘lib namoz o‘qish
8. Family gathering – Oila yig‘ilishi
9. Traditional sweets – An’anaviy shirinliklar
10. Good deeds – Yaxshi amallar

C1 Level Vocabulary

1. Observance of fasting – Ro‘za tutish odati
2. Breaking the fast – Ro‘zani ochish
3. Self-discipline – O‘zini boshqarish qobiliyati
4. Spiritual purification – Ruhiy poklanish
5. Acts of kindness – Mehribonlik amallari
6. Religious devotion – Diniy sadoqat
7. Sense of community – Jamoat hissi
8. Cultural significance – Madaniy ahamiyat
9. Sacred month – Muqaddas oy
10. Gratitude and humility – Minnatdorlik va kamtarlik

Collocations!
1. Observe Ramadan – Ramazon oyini ado etish
2. Fast from dawn to dusk – Tongdan shomgacha ro‘za tutish
3. Break the fast with dates and water – Ro‘zani xurmo va suv bilan ochish
4. Gather for iftar – Iftar uchun to‘planish
5. Donate to the needy – Muhtojlarga ehson qilish
6. Engage in worship – Ibodat qilish
7. Strengthen family bonds – Oila rishtalarini mustahkamlash
8. Show gratitude – Minnatdorlik bildirish
9. Attend Eid prayers – Hayit namozida qatnashish
10. Exchange festive greetings – Bayram tabriklarini almashish


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Islam – Topic Vocabulary & Collocations (B2 & C1 Level)

B2 Level Vocabulary

1. Monotheism – Yakkaxudolik
2. Worship – Ibodat
3. Mosque – Masjid
4. Prayer (Salah) – Namoz
5. Fasting (Sawm) – Ro‘za
6. Charity (Zakat) – Zakot
7. Pilgrimage (Hajj) – Haj
8. The Quran – Qur’on
9. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) – Payg‘ambar Muhammad (s.a.v)
10. Islamic teachings – Islomiy ta’limotlar

C1 Level Vocabulary

1. Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) – Islom huquqshunosligi
2. Spiritual purification – Ruhiy poklanish
3. Acts of worship (Ibadah) – Ibodat amallari
4. Religious obligations – Diniy majburiyatlar
5. Ethical conduct – Axloqiy xulq
6. Pillars of Islam – Islomning besh ustuni
7. Islamic theology (Aqeedah) – Islomiy ilohiyot (e’tiqod)
8. Divine revelation – Ilohiy vahiy
9. Moral responsibility – Axloqiy mas'uliyat
10. Day of Judgment (Qiyamah) – Qiyomat kuni

Collocations

1. Practice Islam – Islomga amal qilish
2. Follow Islamic principles – Islomiy tamoyillarga rioya qilish
3. Offer daily prayers – Har kuni namoz o‘qish
4. Recite the Quran – Qur’on tilovat qilish
5. Perform Hajj pilgrimage – Haj safarini ado etish
6. Observe fasting during Ramadan – Ramazonda ro‘za tutish
7. Give charity to the poor – Kambag‘allarga sadaqa berish
8. Seek spiritual enlightenment – Ruhiy ma’rifat izlash
9. Emphasize moral values – Axloqiy qadriyatlarni ta’kidlash
10. Believe in the Oneness of God – Allohning yagonaligiga ishonish

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Speaking uchun Topic Vocabularies

1. Discuss a personal goal you have set for yourself

Short-term goal – Qisqa muddatli maqsad
Long-term ambition – Uzoq muddatli orzu
Self-improvement – O‘z ustida ishlash
Achievement – muvaffaqiyat
Determination – Qat’iyat
Motivation – Rag‘batlantirish
Personal growth – Shaxsiy o‘sish
Challenge – Qiyinchilik
Milestone – Muhim bosqich
Commitment – Sadoqat, majburiyat

2. What steps are you taking to achieve this goal?

Set a plan – Reja tuzish
Stay consistent – Barqarorlikni saqlash
Time management – Vaqtni boshqarish
Practice regularly – Muntazam mashq qilish
Overcome obstacles – To‘siqlardan o‘tish
Seek guidance – Yo‘l-yo‘riq izlash
Track progress – Taraqqiyotni kuzatish
Self-discipline – O‘zini boshqarish
Break down into steps – Maqsadni bosqichlarga ajratish
Stay motivated – Rag‘batni yo‘qotmaslik

3. Why is setting personal goals important for personal development?

Self-awareness – O‘zini anglash
Growth mindset – O‘sishga yo‘naltirilgan fikrlash
Productivity – Samaradorlik
Focus and direction – E’tibor va yo‘nalish
Sense of accomplishment – Erishish hissi
Life purpose – Hayotdagi maqsad
Self-confidence – O‘ziga bo‘lgan ishonch
Ambition and drive – Maqsad va harakat
Continuous learning – Davomiy o‘rganish
Adaptability – Moslashuvchanlik

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Topic: Regret

Advanced Vocabulary for "Regret"

1. Remorse – chuqur pushaymonlik, vijdon azobi
He felt deep remorse for his past mistakes.

2. Repentance – gunohlarni tan olish va afsuslanish
Her tears were a sign of genuine repentance.

3. Contrition – samimiy tavba qilish, nadomat
He showed contrition for his rude behavior.

4. Guilt-ridden – aybdorlik hissi bilan qiynalgan
She was guilt-ridden after lying to her best friend.

5. Lingering regret – uzoq vaqt ketmaydigan pushaymonlik
He had a lingering regret about quitting his job too soon.

6. In retrospect – o‘tgan voqealarga qayta nazar solganda
In retrospect, I realize that I should have taken the opportunity.

7. Second thoughts – qarorni qayta ko‘rib chiqish, ikkilanish
She had second thoughts about moving abroad.

8. Bitter regret – juda achchiq pushaymonlik
He spoke with bitter regret about his lost opportunities.

9. If only... – "kashki" ma’nosida afsuslanish
If only I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

10. To dwell on the past – o‘tmishni o‘ylab, uni unuta olmaslik
He tends to dwell on the past, which prevents him from moving forward.

11. To rue the day – biror narsadan afsuslanish
I rue the day I trusted him with my secrets.

12. Hindsight – orqaga qarab to‘g‘ri qaror qabul qilishni anglash
With hindsight, I realize that I made a terrible mistake.

13. A missed opportunity – boy berilgan imkoniyat
Quitting that job was a missed opportunity for her career growth.

14. Live with regret – pushaymonlik bilan yashash
He has to live with regret for the rest of his life.

15. Mourn lost chances – boy berilgan imkoniyatlarga motam tutmoq
It is pointless to mourn lost chances, instead, learn from them.

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Pronunciation

1. Astonishment – /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/ (hayrat, ajablanish)

2. Controversial – /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəl/ (bahsli, munozarali)

3. Diminish – /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ (kamaytirish, pasaytirish)

4. Exaggerate – /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt/ (bo‘rttirish, oshirib ko‘rsatish)

5. Hypocrisy – /hɪˈpɒkrəsi/ (ikkiyuzlamachilik)

6. Inevitable – /ɪnˈevɪtəbəl/ (muqarrar, oldini olib bo‘lmaydigan)

7. Justification – /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ (oqlash, asoslab berish)

8. Misconception – /ˌmɪskənˈsɛpʃən/ (noto‘g‘ri tushuncha)

9. Resentment – /rɪˈzɛntmənt/ (xafagarchilik, g‘azab)

10. Vulnerability – /ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ (zaiflik, himoyasiz holat)

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Topic: "Time Management"

B2 Topic Vocabularies

1. Deadline – Muddat
2. Schedule – Jadval
3. Prioritize – Ustuvorlik berish
4. Task – Vazifa
5. Planner – Rejalashtiruvchi (dastur yoki daftar)
6. Distraction – Chalg‘ituvchi narsa
7. Postpone – Kechiktirmoq
8. Productive – Samarali
9. Time-consuming – Ko‘p vaqt oladigan
10. Routine – Kunlik tartib

C1 Topic Vocabularies

1. Procrastination – Ishni ortga surish odati
2. Efficiency – Tejamkorlik / samaradorlik
3. Multitasking – Bir vaqtning o‘zida bir nechta ishni bajarish
4. Delegation – Vazifani boshqalarga topshirish
5. Overcommitment – O‘z zimmasiga ortiqcha majburiyat olish
6. Time allocation – Vaqt taqsimoti
7. Self-discipline – O‘zini nazorat qilish
8. Strategic planning – Strategik rejalashtirish
9. Time constraints – Vaqt cheklovlari
10. Work-life balance – Ish va shaxsiy hayot muvozanati

Collocations

1. Meet a deadline – Belgilangan muddatga yetib olish
2. Set a schedule – Jadval tuzmoq
3. Stick to a routine – Rejaga amal qilmoq
4. Make the most of your time – Vaqtdan maksimal foydalanmoq
5. Avoid distractions – Chalg‘ituvchilardan qochmoq
6. Plan ahead – Oldindan rejalashtirmoq
7. Manage your workload – Ish hajmini boshqarmoq
8. Break tasks into smaller steps – Vazifani kichik bosqichlarga bo‘lmoq
9. Overcome procrastination – Ishni kechiktirishni yengmoq
10. Balance multiple responsibilities – Bir nechta mas’uliyatni muvozanatli bajarmoq

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PREPOSITIONS

1. What is Prepositions?

Prepositions — bu so‘zlar ot (noun) yoki olmosh (pronoun) bilan birgalikda qo‘llanilib, boshqa so‘zlar bilan bo‘lgan aloqani (relationship) ko‘rsatadi. Ular joy, vaqt, sabab, yo‘nalish, uslub, maqsad va boshqa munosabatlarni ifodalaydi.

2. Prepositions turlari va ularning ishlatilish holatlari:

Prepositions of Place (Joy predloglari)
Prepositions of Time (Vaqt predloglari)
Prepositions of Direction/Movement (Yo‘nalish predloglari)
Prepositions of Cause, Reason, Purpose

3. Prepositions bilan ishlatiladigan grammatik structurelar:

1. Subject + verb + preposition + noun/pronoun

She is interested in art.
They are afraid of snakes.

2. Verb + object + preposition + noun

He put the keys on the table.
We talked about the problem.

3. Preposition + Gerund (verb+ing)

He is good at drawing.
She apologized for being late.

4. Prepositions qayerda qo‘llanilmaydi (Common mistakes):

Incorrect: He entered into the room.
Correct: He entered the room. (enter = o‘zi harakat bildiradi, “into” kerak emas)

Incorrect: I discussed about the issue.
Correct: I discussed the issue. (discuss = o‘zi predlogsiz ishlatiladi)

5. Prepositions o‘rganishda nima uchun muhim?

To‘g‘ri ma’no berish: Noto‘g‘ri predlog gapni chalkashtiradi.
“I am in the bus” (ichida) va “I am on the bus” (transportda) — farq bor.

To‘g‘ri grammatik tuzilma: Ingliz tilida ba’zi fe’llar faqat aniq predloglar bilan ishlaydi:

depend on, listen to, believe in, wait for.

6. O‘quvchilar uchun qulay o‘rganish strategiyalari:

Flashcards: Har bir predlog va misolini yozib chiqing.
Illustration (rasmlar): Joy predloglarini rasm orqali eslab qolish osonroq.
Gap tuzish mashqlari: Har bir predlog bilan 3 ta gap tuzing.
Songs or stories: Mashhur qo‘shiqlardagi prepositionsni aniqlang.

7. Mini mashq (Interactive):

Quyidagi bo‘sh joylarni to‘ldiring

1. The cat is hiding ___ the bed.
2. We met ___ Monday morning.
3. I’m waiting ___ the bus stop.
4. She went ___ the room without knocking.
5. He apologized ___ being rude.

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