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4-dars. Otlarda ko‘plik (Fourth lesson: Plurals)
Ingliz tilida ko’plik (plural) shakli yasash uchun ko’pgina otlarga -s yok i-es qo’shimchalarini qo’shib yasaladi. Masalan: birlikda book bo’lsa undan ko’plik yasash uchun -s va -es qo‘shimchalari qo‘shib yasaladi. O’zbek tiliga -s qo’shimchasi
-lar deb tarjima qilinadi.
Otlarda ko‘plik quyidagicha yasaladi:
1⃣ Otga -s qo‘shib.
Misol: a bed - beds
2⃣ Oxiri ch, sh, x, s, ss, o ga tugagan otlarga -es qo‘shib ko‘plik yasaladi.
Misol: a bench - benches
a bush - bushes
a fox - foxes
a bus - buses
a dress - dresses
3⃣ Oxiri undosh y ga tugagan otga -es qo‘shib ko‘plik yasaladi. Bunda y (i)ga o‘zgaradi.
Misol: a city-cities
4⃣ Oxiri unli y ga tugagan otga -s qo‘shib ko‘plik yasaladi.
Misol: a day-days
5⃣ F, fe holatdagi otlarga -es qo‘shib ko‘plik yasaladi va bunda f, fe harflari v, ve tovoshlariga o‘zgaradi.
Misol: leafe-leaves
knife-knives
📌 Istisno holatlari ham bor!Chief-chiefs
Safe-safes
Roof-roofs
Wharf-wharfs
📌Ko’pgina otlarning ko’plik shakli shu qoidalar asosida yasaladi.
6⃣ Ammo, ba’zi otlar borki ular bu qoidalarga bo’ysunmaydi. Ularni biz irregular plurals deymiz ya'ni o‘zak o‘zgarishi bilan hosil bo‘ladigan ko‘plik shakli. Ularga biz -s yoki -es qo‘shib ko‘plik yasasak xato bo‘ladi. Ularning ba’zilarini keltirib o’taman:
Misol: Man-men. Woman-women. Goose-geese. Tooth-teeth. Mouse-mice. CHild-children. Foot-feet. Ox-oxen.
Person-people.
Shunday holatlar borki ot qanday bo‘lsa shu holicha ya'ni -s yoki -es qo‘shib ham emas, hattoki, o‘zagini o‘zgartirib ham emas balki o‘z holicha ko‘plik yasaydigan otlar ham bor.
Misol: sheep-sheep
deer-deer
fish-fish
Thank you very much. See you next lesson.
@GREEN_GRAMMAR — English with Navbahor
BY GREEN GRAMMAR
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