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74-lesson. NO/NONE
❖ No - olmoshi har qanday otdan oldin ishlatilib, inkorni ifodalaydi. U
qatnashgan gapda hech qachon “not" inkor yuklamasi ishlatilmaydi. Lekin “no" olmoshining o'rniga "not" inkor yuklamasi qo'llanishi mumkin.
Ularning farqi:
No + sanaladigan birlikdagi ot
No + sanaladigan ko'plikdagi ot
No + sanalmaydigan ot
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No + a/an + sanaladigan birlikdagi ot
No + any + sanaladigan birlikdagi ot
No + any + sanalmaydigan ot
Eg. - I have no sugar in my cup = I do not have any sugar
Eg. - We have sold no books yet = We have not sold any books yet
1. "No" olmoshi ot bilan birikib gapda ega bo'lib kelganda "birorta ham", "hech qanday" ma'nosida keladi, va ulardan keying fe'llar quyidagicha bo'ladi.
No + sanaladigan birlikdagi ot/sanalmaydigan ot + birlikdagi fe'l
No + sanaladigan ko'plikdagi ot + ko'plikdagi fe'l
Eg. - No information has been received today.
Eg. - No lorries are allowed to the city center.
2. Quyidagilar ham “no" olmoshi bilan boshlanuvchi yasama gumon olmoshlar hisoblanadi. Ular gapda faqat olmosh-ot bo'lib kelib, o'zidan keyin hech qachon ot olmaydi va huddi "no" kabi inkor ma'no beradi.
No-one - hech kim - fe'l birlikda
Nobody - hech kim - fe'l birlikda
Nothing - hech narsa - fe'l birlikda
Nowhere - hech gayer - fe'l birlikda
Eg. - I saw nobody in the garden = I didn't see anybody in the garden.
Eg. - We ate nothing at the party = We didn't eat anything at the party.
R: Izoh: “No-one", "Nobody" olmoshlariga nisbatan gapda yana bir marta olmosh ishlatilganda doim they, them, their, themselves olmoshlari ishlatiladi:
Eg. - Nobody is perfect, are they?
R: Izoh: "Nothing" olmoshiga riisbatan esa it, its, itself olmoshlari ishlatiladi:
Eg. - If you find anything in the garden, bring it to me immediately.
❖ None - olmoshi "hech biri", "hech qancha”, "yo'q" ma'nolarini anglatadi gapni inkorga aylantiradi va undan keyin hech qachon ot kelmaydi.
Eg. - A: How much money do you have? B: None
Shuningdek: Otning ko'rsatkichi bo'lib o'rtada of kelganda ham, of dan oldin "hech qancha", "hech biri" ma'nolarida faqat none ishlatiladi.
Eg. - None of the shops was open today.
R: Izoh: "No one" olmoshi "hech kim "ma’nosida kishilarga, "none" olmoshi "hech biri" ma'nosida kishi va narsalarga ishlatiladi.
Eg. - No one got injured in the accident.
Eg. - A: Which book would you like? - B: None
Istisno: Agar bitta gapda 2 ta inkor so'z qatnashtirmoqchi bo'lsak birinchisiga no va no bilan boshlanuvchi olmoshlarni qo'llaymiz, ikkinchisiga any va any bilan
boshlanuvchi olmoshlarni qo'llaymiz.
Eg. - Nobody ate anything at the party.
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