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20-dars. Present perfect - Hozirgi tugatilgan zamon
Ingliz tilidagi zamonlarning turlaridan yana biri present perfect deyiladi. Biror voqea o'tmishda boshlanib, hozir tugagan holat. Yoki oldinroq sodir bo'lgan, hozir ma'lum bo'lgan. Bu fe'lni ifodalash uchun egadan so'ng have/has so'zlarini ishlatib, harakat so'zlariga ied/ed/d o'tgan zamon qo'shimchalaridan birini qo'shamiz.
I have cleaned my shoes - Men poyafzalimni tozaladim. Ya'ni, hozirgina tozalab bo'ldim, kecha yoki undan oldin emas, yaqin vaqt oralig'ida tozaladim.
Present perfectda irregular fe'llarning uchinchi ko'rinishi ishlatiladi.
Noto'g'ri fe'llar uch xil ko'rinishda bo'lishini aytib o'tdik:
1. Infinitiv
2. Past simple
3. Past participle
Masalan, past participleda "go" - gone bo'ladi. Ba'zi noto'g'ri fe'llarning 2- va 3-ko'rinishlari bir xil bo'lsa, ba'zilari uchchala formati uch xil bo'ladi.
Quyida o'sha noto'g'ri fe'llarning ba'zilarini keltiramiz:
be (am/is/are) - was/were - been
read - read - read
make - made - made
break - broke - broken
build - built - built
buy - bought - bought
do - did - done
drive - drove - driven.
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