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人类对付新冠病毒以及其他传染性病毒的基本手段就是大规模接种疫苗,从而获得对病毒的免疫力。在英语中,疫苗被称为vaccine,是英国医生琴纳(Edward Jenner)最先发明的。

18世纪时,英国流行一种叫做“天花”(smallpox)的传染病,夺去了很多人的性命。英国医生琴纳(Edward Jenner)在调查研究如何治疗天花时,偶然发现在牧场工作的挤奶女工很少染上天花。

他研究后发现,牧场中的奶牛也会得天花,导致皮肤出现脓包(cowpox,牛痘)。挤奶女工接触牛痘脓液后,会染上轻微的天花病,对健康并无大碍,反而对天花病毒获得了免疫力。

琴纳受此启发,从奶牛牛痘中提取脓液,将其接种至人体,使接种者获得对天花的免疫力。这种用来接种的牛痘脓液就是人类历史上发明的第一种疫苗,被琴纳称为vaccine virus(来自奶牛的病毒),后来被简略为vaccine,用来泛指各种疫苗。

vaccine来自拉丁语,由词根vacc-(奶牛)加形容词和名词后缀-ine组成,字面意思是“来自奶牛的(病毒)”。现在,vaccine泛指各种疫苗。比如:
There is no vaccine against HIV infection.
现在还没有防艾滋病病毒传染的疫苗。

vaccine派生出动词vaccinate,意思是“给……接种疫苗”,常用被动式。比如:
All the children were vaccinated against smallpox.
所有孩子都接种了天花疫苗。

vaccinate的动名词形式vaccination,表示“接种疫苗”这个行为本身,比如:
Anyone who wants to avoid the flu should consider getting a vaccination.
任何希望避免患流感的人都应该考虑接种疫苗。



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人类对付新冠病毒以及其他传染性病毒的基本手段就是大规模接种疫苗,从而获得对病毒的免疫力。在英语中,疫苗被称为vaccine,是英国医生琴纳(Edward Jenner)最先发明的。

18世纪时,英国流行一种叫做“天花”(smallpox)的传染病,夺去了很多人的性命。英国医生琴纳(Edward Jenner)在调查研究如何治疗天花时,偶然发现在牧场工作的挤奶女工很少染上天花。

他研究后发现,牧场中的奶牛也会得天花,导致皮肤出现脓包(cowpox,牛痘)。挤奶女工接触牛痘脓液后,会染上轻微的天花病,对健康并无大碍,反而对天花病毒获得了免疫力。

琴纳受此启发,从奶牛牛痘中提取脓液,将其接种至人体,使接种者获得对天花的免疫力。这种用来接种的牛痘脓液就是人类历史上发明的第一种疫苗,被琴纳称为vaccine virus(来自奶牛的病毒),后来被简略为vaccine,用来泛指各种疫苗。

vaccine来自拉丁语,由词根vacc-(奶牛)加形容词和名词后缀-ine组成,字面意思是“来自奶牛的(病毒)”。现在,vaccine泛指各种疫苗。比如:
There is no vaccine against HIV infection.
现在还没有防艾滋病病毒传染的疫苗。

vaccine派生出动词vaccinate,意思是“给……接种疫苗”,常用被动式。比如:
All the children were vaccinated against smallpox.
所有孩子都接种了天花疫苗。

vaccinate的动名词形式vaccination,表示“接种疫苗”这个行为本身,比如:
Anyone who wants to avoid the flu should consider getting a vaccination.
任何希望避免患流感的人都应该考虑接种疫苗。

BY Word Power Made Easy


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